2. Nāmakappa (Noun chapter): Dutiyakaṇḍa (Second Section) (§120–§160)
Dutiyakaṇḍa (Second Section)
Section titled “Dutiyakaṇḍa (Second Section)”§120 (243): Amhassa mamaṃ savibhattissa se (For amha to mamaṃ in sa inflections) utsarga
Section titled “§120 (243): Amhassa mamaṃ savibhattissa se (For amha to mamaṃ in sa inflections) utsarga ”Sabbasseva amhasaddassa savibhattissa mamaṃ ādeso hoti se vibhattimhi.
Mamaṃ dīyate purisena, mamaṃ pariggaho.
For entire amha sound together with its inflection there is replacement to mamaṃ in the sa suffix.1
§121 (233): Mayaṃ yomhi paṭhame (mayaṃ before yo of the first form) apavada
Section titled “§121 (233): Mayaṃ yomhi paṭhame (mayaṃ before yo of the first form) apavada ”Sabbasseva amhasaddassa savibhattissa mayaṃ ādeso hoti yomhi paṭhame.
Mayaṃ gacchāma, mayaṃ dema.
Amhasseti kimatthaṃ?
Purisā tiṭṭhanti.
Yomhīti kimatthaṃ?
Ahaṃ gacchāmi.
Paṭhameti kimatthaṃ?
Amhākaṃ passasi tvaṃ.
The whole of the word amha (“I”, “we”) together with its inflection is replaced by mayaṃ when the yo of the first form (①⨂) follows.
§122 (99): Ntussa nto (ntu becomes nto before yo of the first form) apavada
Section titled “§122 (99): Ntussa nto (ntu becomes nto before yo of the first form) apavada ”Sabbasseva ntupaccayassa savibhattissa nto ādeso hoti yomhi paṭhame.
Guṇavanto tiṭṭhanti.
Ntusseti kimatthaṃ?
Sabbe sattā gacchanti.
Paṭhameti kimatthaṃ?
Guṇavante passanti janā.
The whole of the ntu suffix together with its inflection is replaced by nto when the yo of the first form (①⨂) follows.
§123 (103): Ntassa se vā (Optionally ntassa for ntu before sa) apavada
Section titled “§123 (103): Ntassa se vā (Optionally ntassa for ntu before sa) apavada ”Sabbasseva ntupaccayassa savibhattissa ntassādeso hoti vā se vibhattimhi.
Sīlavantassa jhāyino, sīlavato jhāyino vā.
Seti kimatthaṃ?
Sīlavā tiṭṭhati.
Optionally, the whole of the ntu suffix together with its inflection is replaced by ntassa when the sa inflection (④⨀ or ⑥⨀) follows.
§124 (98): Ā simhi (ā for ntu before si) apavada
Section titled “§124 (98): Ā simhi (ā for ntu before si) apavada ”Sabbassevantupaccayassa savibhattissa ā ādeso hoti simhi vibhattimhi.
Guṇavā, paññavā, sīlavā, balavā, dhanavā, matimā2, satimā, dhitimā.
Ntusseti kimatthaṃ?
Puriso tiṭṭhati.
Simhīti kimatthaṃ?
Sīlavanto tiṭṭhanti.
The whole of the suffix ntu together with its inflection is replaced by ā when the si inflection (①⨀) follows.
§125 (198): Aṃ napuṃsake (aṃ for ntu before si in the neuter) apavada
Section titled “§125 (198): Aṃ napuṃsake (aṃ for ntu before si in the neuter) apavada ”Sabbasseva ntupaccayassa savibhattissa aṃ ādeso hoti simhi vibhattimhi napuṃsake vattamānassa.
Guṇavaṃ cittaṃ tiṭṭhati,
rucimaṃ pupphaṃ virocati.
Simhīti kimatthaṃ?
Vaṇṇavantaṃ agandhakaṃ virūḷhapupphaṃ passasi tvaṃ.
The whole of the suffix ntu together with its inflection is replaced by aṃ when the si inflection (①⨀) follows and the word is used in the neuter.
§126 (101): Avaṇṇā ca ge (aṃ, a, ā for ntu before ga) apavada
Section titled “§126 (101): Avaṇṇā ca ge (aṃ, a, ā for ntu before ga) apavada ”Sabbasseva ntupaccayassa savibhattissa aṃ avaṇṇā ca honti ge pare.
Bho guṇavaṃ,
bho guṇava,
bho guṇavā.
Caggahaṇamanukaḍḍhanatthaṃ.
The whole of the suffix ntu together with its inflection becomes aṃ and the a-sounds (a, ā) when ga (⓪⨀) follows.
The word ca serves to draw along [the aṃ of the preceding rule].
§127 (102): To titā sasmiṃnāsu (to, ti, tā for ntu before sa, smiṃ, nā) apavada
Section titled “§127 (102): To titā sasmiṃnāsu (to, ti, tā for ntu before sa, smiṃ, nā) apavada ”Sabbasseva ntupaccayassa savibhattissa to ti tā ādesā honti vā sa smiṃ nā iccetesu yathāsaṅkhyaṃ.
Guṇavato, guṇavantassa, guṇavati, guṇavantasmiṃ, guṇavatā, guṇavantena,
satimato, satimantassa, satimati, satimantasmiṃ, satimatā, satimantena.
Etesvīti kimatthaṃ?
Guṇavā. Satimā.
Optionally, the whole of the suffix ntu together with its inflection is replaced by to, ti and tā before the inflections sa (④⨀, ⑥⨀), smiṃ (⑦⨀) and nā (③⨀) respectively.
§128 (104): Naṃmhi taṃ vā (Optionally taṃ for ntu before naṃ) apavada
Section titled “§128 (104): Naṃmhi taṃ vā (Optionally taṃ for ntu before naṃ) apavada ”Sabbasseva ntupaccayassa savibhattissa taṃ ādeso hoti vā naṃmhi vibhattimhi.
Guṇavataṃ, guṇavantānaṃ,
satimataṃ, satimantānaṃ.
Naṃmhīti kimatthaṃ?
Guṇavanto tiṭṭhanti,
satimanto tiṭṭhanti.
Optionally, the whole of the suffix ntu together with its inflection is replaced by taṃ when the naṃ inflection (④⨂, ⑥⨂) follows.
§129 (222): Imassidamaṃsisu napuṃsake (idaṃ for neuter ima before aṃ, si) apavada
Section titled “§129 (222): Imassidamaṃsisu napuṃsake (idaṃ for neuter ima before aṃ, si) apavada ”Sabbasseva imasaddassa savibhattissa idaṃ ādeso hoti vā aṃ si su napuṃsake vattamānassa.
Idaṃ cittaṃ passasi,
idaṃ cittaṃ tiṭṭhati,
imaṃ cittaṃ passasi.
Imaṃ cittaṃ tiṭṭhati.
Napuṃsaketi3 kimatthaṃ?
Imaṃ purisaṃ passasi.
Ayaṃ puriso tiṭṭhati.
Optionally, the whole of the word ima (“this”) together with its inflection is replaced by idaṃ before the inflections aṃ (②⨀) and si (①⨀) when the word is used in the neuter.
§130 (225): Amussāduṃ (aduṃ for neuter amu before aṃ, si) apavada
Section titled “§130 (225): Amussāduṃ (aduṃ for neuter amu before aṃ, si) apavada ”Sabbasseva amusaddassa savibhattissa aduṃ ādeso hoti aṃ si su napuṃsake vattamānassa.
Aduṃ pupphaṃ passasi,
aduṃ pupphaṃ virocati.
Napuṃsaketi kimatthaṃ?
Amuṃ rājānaṃ passasi,
asu rājā tiṭṭhati.
The whole of the word amu (“that yonder”) together with its inflection is replaced by aduṃ before the inflections aṃ (②⨀) and si (①⨀) when the word is used in the neuter.
§131 (0): Itthipumanapuṃsakasaṅkhyaṃ ([A numeral] in the feminine, masculine and neuter: governing heading) sīhagatika
Section titled “§131 (0): Itthipumanapuṃsakasaṅkhyaṃ ([A numeral] in the feminine, masculine and neuter: governing heading) sīhagatika ”‘‘Itthipumanapuṃsakasaṅkhyaṃ’’ iccetaṃ adhikāratthaṃ veditabbaṃ.
This, itthipumanapuṃsakasaṅkhyaṃ (“a numeral in the feminine, masculine and neuter”), is to be understood as serving as a governing rule (adhikāra).
§132 (228): Yosu dvinnaṃ dve ca (dve for dvi before yo; and duve, dvaya, ubha, ubhaya, duvi) apavada
Section titled “§132 (228): Yosu dvinnaṃ dve ca (dve for dvi before yo; and duve, dvaya, ubha, ubhaya, duvi) apavada ”Dvinnaṃ saṅkhyānaṃ itthipumanapuṃsake vattamānānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ dve hoti yoiccetesu.
Dve itthiyo,
dve dhammā.
Dve rūpāni.
Yosvīti kimatthaṃ?
Dvīsu.
Caggahaṇena duve dvaya ubha ubhaya duvi ca honti yonāanamiccetesu4.
Duve samaṇā.
Duve brāhmaṇā,
duve janā,
dvayena, dvayaṃ,
ubhinnaṃ, ubhayesaṃ
duvinnaṃ.
The numeral dvi (“two”), used in the feminine, masculine and neuter, together with its inflection becomes dve before the yo inflections (①⨂, ②⨂).
By the word ca, duve, dvaya, ubha, ubhaya and duvi also occur before yo, nā, aṃ and naṃ.5
§133 (230): Ti catunnaṃ tisso catasso tayo cattāro tīṇi cattāri (forms of ti, catu before yo, by gender) apavada
Section titled “§133 (230): Ti catunnaṃ tisso catasso tayo cattāro tīṇi cattāri (forms of ti, catu before yo, by gender) apavada ”Ticatunnaṃ saṅkhyānaṃ itthipumanapuṃsake vattamānānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ tisso catasso tayo cattāro tīṇi cattāriiccete ādesā honti yathāsaṅkhyaṃ yoiccetesu.
Tisso vedanā
catasso disā,
tayo janā, jane,
cattāro purisā, purise,
tīṇi āyatanāni,
cattāri ariyasaccāni.
Yosvīti kimatthaṃ?
Tīsu, catūsu.
The numerals ti (“three”) and catu (“four”), used in the feminine, masculine and neuter, together with their inflection are replaced by tisso, catasso, tayo, cattāro, tīṇi, cattāri respectively before the yo inflections (①⨂, ②⨂).
§134 (251): Pañcādīnamakāro (final of pañca etc. with yo becomes a) apavada
Section titled “§134 (251): Pañcādīnamakāro (final of pañca etc. with yo becomes a) apavada ”Pañcādīnaṃ saṅkhyānaṃ itthipumanapuṃsake vattamānānaṃ savibhattissa antassa sarassa akāro hoti yoiccetesu.
Pañca, pañca,
cha, cha,
satta, satta,
aṭṭha, aṭṭha,
nava, nava,
dasa, dasa.
Pañcādīnamiti kimatthaṃ?
Dve, tayo.
For the numerals pañca (“five”) and the following, used in the feminine, masculine and neuter, the final vowel together with its inflection becomes a before the yo inflections (①⨂, ②⨂).
§135 (118): Rājassa rañño rājino se (rañño, rājino for rāja before sa) apavada
Section titled “§135 (118): Rājassa rañño rājino se (rañño, rājino for rāja before sa) apavada ”Sabbasseva rājasaddassa savibhattissa rañño rājinoiccete ādesā honti se vibhattimhi.
Rañño, rājino.
Seti kimatthaṃ?
Raññā.
The whole of the word rāja (“king”) together with its inflection is replaced by rañño and rājino when the sa inflection (④⨀, ⑥⨀) follows.
§136 (119): Raññaṃ naṃ mhi vā (Optionally raññaṃ for rāja before naṃ) apavada
Section titled “§136 (119): Raññaṃ naṃ mhi vā (Optionally raññaṃ for rāja before naṃ) apavada ”Sabbasseva rājasaddassa savibhattissa raññaṃādeso hoti vā naṃmhi vibhattimhi.
Raññaṃ, rājūnaṃ idaṃ raṭṭhaṃ.
Optionally, the whole of the word rāja together with its inflection is replaced by raññaṃ when the naṃ inflection (④⨂, ⑥⨂) follows.
§137 (116): Nāmhi raññā vā (Optionally raññā for rāja before nā) apavada
Section titled “§137 (116): Nāmhi raññā vā (Optionally raññā for rāja before nā) apavada ”Sabbasseva rājasaddassa savibhattissa raññāādeso hoti vā nāmhi vibhattimhi.
Tena raññā kataṃ.
Rājena vā kataṃ.
Nāmhīti kimatthaṃ?
Rañño santakaṃ.
Optionally, the whole of the word rāja together with its inflection is replaced by raññā when the nā inflection (③⨀) follows.
§138 (121): Smiṃmhi raññe rājini (raññe, rājini for rāja before smiṃ) apavada
Section titled “§138 (121): Smiṃmhi raññe rājini (raññe, rājini for rāja before smiṃ) apavada ”Sabbasseva rājasaddassa savibhattissa raññe rājiniiccete ādesā honti smiṃmhi vibhattimhi.
Raññe, rājini sīlaṃ tiṭṭhati.
The whole of the word rāja together with its inflection is replaced by raññe and rājini when the smiṃ inflection (⑦⨀) follows.
§139 (245): Tumhamhākaṃ tayi mayi (tayi, mayi for tumha, amha before smiṃ) apavada
Section titled “§139 (245): Tumhamhākaṃ tayi mayi (tayi, mayi for tumha, amha before smiṃ) apavada ”Sabbesaṃ tumha amha saddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ tayi mayiiccete ādeso7 honti yathāsaṅkhyaṃ smiṃmhi vibhattimhi.
Tayi, mayi.
Smiṃmhīti kimatthaṃ?
Tvaṃ bhavasi, ahaṃ bhavāmi.
The whole of the words tumha (“you”) and amha (“I”) together with their inflection is replaced by tayi and mayi respectively when the smiṃ inflection (⑦⨀) follows.
§140 (232): Tvamahaṃ simhi ca (tvaṃ, ahaṃ for tumha, amha before si; and tuvaṃ) apavada
Section titled “§140 (232): Tvamahaṃ simhi ca (tvaṃ, ahaṃ for tumha, amha before si; and tuvaṃ) apavada ”Sabbesaṃ tumha amhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ tvaṃ ahaṃiccete ādesā honti yathāsaṅkhyaṃ simhi vibhattimhi.
Tvaṃ, ahaṃ.
Simhīti kimatthaṃ?
Tayi, mayi.
Caggahaṇena tuvaṃ ca hoti.
Tuvaṃ satthā.
The whole of the words tumha and amha together with their inflection is replaced by tvaṃ and ahaṃ respectively when the si inflection (①⨀) follows.
By the word ca, tuvaṃ also occurs.
§141 (241): Tava mama se (tava, mama for tumha, amha before sa) apavada
Section titled “§141 (241): Tava mama se (tava, mama for tumha, amha before sa) apavada ”Sabbesaṃ tumha amhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ tava mamaiccete ādesā honti yathāsaṅkhyaṃ se vibhattimhi.
Tava, mama.
Seti kimatthaṃ?
Tayi, mayi.
The whole of the words tumha and amha together with their inflection is replaced by tava and mama respectively when the sa inflection (④⨀, ⑥⨀) follows.
§142 (242): Tuyhaṃ mayhañca (And tuyhaṃ, mayhaṃ for tumha, amha before sa) apavada
Section titled “§142 (242): Tuyhaṃ mayhañca (And tuyhaṃ, mayhaṃ for tumha, amha before sa) apavada ”Sabbesaṃ tumha amhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ tuyhaṃ mayhaṃiccete ādesā honti yathāsaṅkhyaṃ se vibhattimhi.
Tuyhaṃ, mayhaṃ dhanaṃ dīyate.
Seti kimatthaṃ?
Tayā, mayā.
The whole of the words tumha and amha together with their inflection is replaced by tuyhaṃ and mayhaṃ respectively when the sa inflection (④⨀, ⑥⨀) follows.
§143 (235): Taṃ mamaṃmhi (taṃ, maṃ before aṃ) apavada
Section titled “§143 (235): Taṃ mamaṃmhi (taṃ, maṃ before aṃ) apavada ”Sabbesaṃ tumha amhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ taṃ maiccete ādesā honti yathāsaṅkhyaṃ aṃmhi vibhattimhi.
Taṃ, maṃ.
Aṃmhīti kimatthaṃ?
Tayā mayā.
The whole of the words tumha (“you”) and amha (“I”), together with their inflection, is replaced by taṃ and maṃ respectively when the aṃ inflection (②⨀) follows.
§144 (234): Tavaṃ mamañca navā (tavaṃ, mamaṃ too, in some places) apavada
Section titled “§144 (234): Tavaṃ mamañca navā (tavaṃ, mamaṃ too, in some places) apavada ”Sabbesaṃ tumha amhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ tavaṃ mamaṃiccete ādesā honti navā yathāsaṅkhyaṃ aṃmhi vibhattimhi.
Tavaṃ, mamaṃ passati.
Navāti kimatthaṃ?
Taṃ, maṃ passati.
Caggahaṇamanukaḍḍhanatthaṃ.
In some places, the whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, is replaced by tavaṃ and mamaṃ respectively when the aṃ inflection (②⨀) follows.8
The word ca serves to draw along [the aṃmhi of the preceding rule].
§145 (238): Nāmhi tayā mayā (tayā, mayā before nā) apavada
Section titled “§145 (238): Nāmhi tayā mayā (tayā, mayā before nā) apavada ”Sabbesaṃ tumha amhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ tayā mayāiccete ādesā honti yathāsaṅkhyaṃ nāmhi vibhattimhi.
Tayā, mayā kataṃ.
Nāmhiti kimatthaṃ?
Tumhehi, amhehi.
The whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, is replaced by tayā and mayā respectively when the nā inflection (③⨀) follows.
§146 (236): Tumhassa tuvaṃ tvamaṃmhi (tuvaṃ, tvaṃ for tumha before aṃ) apavada
Section titled “§146 (236): Tumhassa tuvaṃ tvamaṃmhi (tuvaṃ, tvaṃ for tumha before aṃ) apavada ”Sabbassa tumhasaddassa savibhattissa tuvaṃ tvaṃ iccete ādesā honti aṃmhi vibhattimhi.
Kaliṅgarassa tuvaṃ maññe,
kaṭṭhassa tvaṃ maññe.
The whole of the word tumha, together with its inflection, is replaced by tuvaṃ and tvaṃ when the aṃ inflection (②⨀) follows.
§147 (246): Padato dutiyā catutthī chaṭṭhīsu vo no (after a word, vo, no in the plural of ②, ④, ⑥) apavada
Section titled “§147 (246): Padato dutiyā catutthī chaṭṭhīsu vo no (after a word, vo, no in the plural of ②, ④, ⑥) apavada ”Sabbesaṃ tumhaamhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ yadā padasmā paresaṃ vo no ādesā honti navā yathāsaṅkhyaṃ dutiyā catutthīchaṭṭhīiccetesu bahuvacanesu.
Pahāya vo bhikkhave gamissāmi,
mā no ajja vikantiṃsu, rañño sūdā mahānase,
evaṃ dutiyatthe.
Dhammaṃ vo bhikkhave desessāmi,
saṃvibhajetha no rajjena,
evaṃ catutthyatthe.
Tuṭṭhosmi vo bhikkhave pakatiyā,
satthā no bhagavā anuppatto,
evaṃ chaṭṭhyatthe.
Navāti kimatthaṃ?
Eso amhākaṃ satthā.
Tumhamhākamiti kimatthaṃ?
Ete isayo passasi.
Padatoti kimatthaṃ?
Tumhākaṃ satthā.
Etesvīti kimatthaṃ?
Gacchatha tumhe.
When the whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, comes after a word,9 it is in some places replaced by vo and no respectively in the plural of the second, fourth and sixth forms (②⨂, ④⨂, ⑥⨂).
§148 (247): Temekavacanesu ca (and te, me in the singular [of ④ and ⑥]) apavada
Section titled “§148 (247): Temekavacanesu ca (and te, me in the singular [of ④ and ⑥]) apavada ”Sabbesaṃ tumha amhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ yadā padasmā paresaṃ te me ādesā honti yathāsaṅkhyaṃ catutthīchaṭṭhīiccetesu ekavacanesu.
Dadāmi te gāmavarāni pañca,
dadāhi me gāmavaraṃ,
idaṃ te raṭṭhaṃ,
ayaṃ me putto.
Padatoti kimatthaṃ?
Tava ñāti,
mama ñāti.
When the whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, comes after a word, it is replaced by te and me respectively in the singular of the fourth and sixth forms (④⨀, ⑥⨀).10
§149 (248): Na aṃmhi (not before aṃ) apavada
Section titled “§149 (248): Na aṃmhi (not before aṃ) apavada ”Sabbesaṃ tumha amhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ yadā padasmā paresaṃ te me ādesā na honti aṃmhi vibhattimhi.
Passeyya taṃ vassasataṃ arogaṃ,
so maṃ bravīti.
When the whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, comes after a word, it is not replaced by te and me when the aṃ inflection (②⨀) follows.
§150 (249): Vā tatiye ca (and optionally in the third [singular]) apavada
Section titled “§150 (249): Vā tatiye ca (and optionally in the third [singular]) apavada ”Sabbesaṃ tumhaamhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ yadā padasmā paresaṃ te me ādesā honti vā yathāsaṅkhyaṃ tatiyekavacane pare.
Kataṃ te pāpaṃ,
kataṃ me pāpaṃ,
kataṃ tayā pāpaṃ,
kataṃ mayā pāpaṃ.
Padatoti kimatthaṃ?
Tayā kataṃ,
mayā kataṃ.
When the whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, comes after a word, it is optionally replaced by te and me respectively when the singular inflection of the third form (③⨀) follows.
§151 (250): Bahuvacanesu vo no (vo, no in the plural [of the third]) apavada
Section titled “§151 (250): Bahuvacanesu vo no (vo, no in the plural [of the third]) apavada ”Sabbesaṃ tumhaamhasaddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ yadā padasmā paresaṃ vo no ādesā honti yathāsaṅkhyaṃ tatiyābahuvacanesu paresu.
Kataṃ vo kammaṃ,
kataṃ no kammaṃ.
Padatoti kimatthaṃ?
Tumhehi kataṃ,
amhehi kataṃ.
When the whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, comes after a word, it is replaced by vo and no respectively when the plural inflection of the third form (③⨂) follows.
Bahuvacanaggahaṇena yomhi paṭhame vo noādesā honti.
Gāmaṃ vo gaccheyyātha, gāmaṃ no gaccheyyāma.
By the mention of bahuvacana (“plural”) vo and no are the replacements before the yo of the first form (①⨂).
§152 (136): Pumantassā simhi (ā for the final of puma before si) apavada
Section titled “§152 (136): Pumantassā simhi (ā for the final of puma before si) apavada ”Pumaiccevamantassa savibhattissa ā ādeso hoti simhi vibhattimhi.
Pumā tiṭṭhati.
Simhīti kimatthaṃ?
Pumāno tiṭṭhanti.
The final of the word puma (“male”, “man”), together with its inflection, is replaced by ā when the si inflection (①⨀) follows.
Antaggahaṇena maghava yuvaiccevamādīnamantassasavibhattissa āādeso hoti.
Maghavā, yuvā.
By the mention of anta (“final”), the final of maghava, yuva and the like, together with its inflection, is replaced by ā.
§153 (138): Amālapanekavacane (aṃ in the vocative singular) apavada
Section titled “§153 (138): Amālapanekavacane (aṃ in the vocative singular) apavada ”Pumaiccevamantassa savibhattissa aṃ ādeso hoti ālapanekavacane pare.
He pumaṃ.
Ālapaneti kimatthaṃ?
Pumā.
Ekavacaneti kimatthaṃ?
He pumāno.
The final of the word puma, together with its inflection, is replaced by aṃ when the vocative singular (⓪⨀) follows.
§154 (0): Samāse ca vibhāsā (and optionally in a compound) apavada
Section titled “§154 (0): Samāse ca vibhāsā (and optionally in a compound) apavada ”Pumaiccevamantassa samāse ca aṃ ādeso hoti vibhāsā samāse kate.
Itthī ca pumā ca napuṃsakaṃ ca itthipumannapuṃsakāni11,
itthipumanapuṃsakānaṃ samūho itthipumannapuṃsakasamūho.
Vibhāsāti kimatthaṃ?
Itthipumanapuṃsakāni.
And in a compound the final of the word puma is optionally replaced by aṃ, once the compound has been formed.
§155 (137): Yosvāno (āno before yo) apavada
Section titled “§155 (137): Yosvāno (āno before yo) apavada ”Pumaiccevamantassa savibhattissa āno ādeso hoti yo su vibhattīsu.
Pumāno,
he pumāno.
Yosvīti kimatthaṃ?
Pumā.
The final of the word puma, together with its inflection, is replaced by āno when the yo inflections (①⨂, ②⨂) follow.
§156 (142): Āne smiṃmhi vā (optionally āne before smiṃ) apavada
Section titled “§156 (142): Āne smiṃmhi vā (optionally āne before smiṃ) apavada ”Pumaiccevamantassa savibhattissa āne ādeso hoti vā smiṃmhi vibhattimhi.
Pumāne, pume vā.
The final of the word puma, together with its inflection, is optionally replaced by āne when the smiṃ inflection (⑦⨀) follows.
§157 (140): Hivibhattimhi ca (and before the hi inflection) apavada
Section titled “§157 (140): Hivibhattimhi ca (and before the hi inflection) apavada ”Pumaiccevamantassa hivibhattimhi ca āne ādeso hoti.
Pumānehi,
pumānebhi.
Puna vibhattiggahaṇaṃ kimatthaṃ?
Savibhattiggahaṇanivattanatthaṃ.
Pumānehi.
And the final of the word puma is replaced by āne when the hi inflection (③⨂, ⑤⨂) follows.
Caggahaṇena maghava yuvaiccevamādīnamantassa āna ādeso hoti si yo aṃ yo iccetesu vibhattīsu.
Pumakammathāmantassa cukāro hoti sasmāsu vibhattīsu.
Maghavāno, maghavānā.
Maghavānaṃ, maghavāne.
Yuvāno, yuvānā,
yuvānaṃ, yuvāne,
pumuno, pumunā.
Kammuno, kammunā,
thāmuno, thāmunā.
By the mention of ca, āna is the replacement of the final of maghava, yuva and the like when the inflections si, yo, aṃ and yo (①⨀, ①⨂, ②⨀, ②⨂) follow; and u is the replacement of the final of puma, kamma and thāma when the inflections sa and smā (④⨀ and ⑥⨀, ⑤⨀) follow.
§158 (143): Susmimā vā (optionally ā before su) apavada
Section titled “§158 (143): Susmimā vā (optionally ā before su) apavada ”Pumaiccevamantassa suiccetasmiṃ vibhattimhi ā ādeso hoti vā.
Pumāsu, pumesu vā.
The final of the word puma is optionally replaced by ā when the su inflection (⑦⨂) follows.
§159 (139): Unāmhi ca (and u before nā) apavada
Section titled “§159 (139): Unāmhi ca (and u before nā) apavada ”Pumaiccevamantassa ā u ādesā honti vā nāmhi vibhattimhi.
Pumānā, pumunā, pumena vā.
Caggahaṇamanukaḍḍhanatthaṃ.
The final of the word puma is optionally replaced by ā and u when the nā inflection (③⨀) follows.
§160 (197): A kammantassa ca (and a for the final of kamma [before nā]) apavada
Section titled “§160 (197): A kammantassa ca (and a for the final of kamma [before nā]) apavada ”Kammaiccevamantassa ca u a ādesā honti vā nāmhi vibhattimhi.
Kammunā, kammanā, kammena vā.
And the final of the word kamma (“action”) is optionally replaced by u and a when the nā inflection (③⨀) follows.
Caggahaṇena maghavayuvaiccevamantassa ā ādeso hoti kvaci nā su iccetesu vibhattīsu.
Maghavānā, maghavāsu, maghavesu, maghavena vā.
Yuvānā, yuvāsu, yuvesu, yuvena vā.
By the mention of ca, the final of the words maghava and yuva is in some places (kvaci) replaced by ā when the nā and su inflections (③⨀, ⑦⨂) follow.
Iti nāmakappe dutiyo kaṇḍo.
Thus ends the second section of the nāma chapter.
Footnotes
Section titled “Footnotes”-
Neither the CST nor Senart’s edition gives counter-examples here; T and a second manuscript Malai cites add
Amhasseti kimatthaṃ? Purisassa dīyate. Seti kimatthaṃ? Ahaṃ gacchāmi, mayaṃ gacchāma, which complete the usual pattern correctly (purisassakeeps itssa;ahaṃandmayaṃare §140 (232): Tvamahaṃ simhi ca and §121 (233): Mayaṃ yomhi paṭhame). Malai (1997) records them in his apparatus without adopting them; Nandisena (2005) is not compared on this point. ↩ -
Nandisena (2005) prints
mahimāfor the CST’smatimā; the CST is kept. ↩ -
CST4 prints
Nathuṃsaketi. ↩ -
CST4 prints
yonāanamiccetesu; the compound is read asyo-nā-aṃ-naṃ-iccetesu. ↩ -
Senart’s edition reads
Casaddaggahaṇena dvisaddassa duve …for the CST’sCaggahaṇena duve …, making the five replacements of the worddvi, and Malai (1997) renders it “the word dvi also is changed into duve, dvaya, ubha, ubhaya and duvi”; the CST is kept. ↩ -
Nandisena (2005) records the Sinhalese reading
Tumhamhānaṃfor the sutta’sTumhamhākaṃ; the CST is kept. ↩ -
CST4 prints
ādeso; the parallel rules §140–§142 readādesā. ↩ -
Malai (1997) reads
na vāas two words and renders it “not optionally changed into tavaṃ and mamaṃ”;navāis read here as one word. ↩ -
Malai (1997) takes the vutti’s
yadā(“when”), which has no correlativetadā, as corrupt and would cancel it or supplytadā; the CST’syadāis kept and rendered “when”. ↩ -
Senart’s edition reads the sutta
Temekavacane, without theca, and Malai (1997) translates it so; the CST’sTemekavacanesu ca, the reading of Malai’s B1, is kept. ↩ -
CST4 prints
itthipumanapuṃsakānianditthipumanapuṃsakasamūho, identical with the counter-example; the-nn-forms of Senart’s edition and Malai (1997) are given here. ↩