Skip to content
Kaccāyana

7. Kibbidhānakappa (Primary derivation chapter): Tatiyakaṇḍa (Third Section) (§571–§589)

Tatiyakaṇḍa (Third Section)

Section titled “Tatiyakaṇḍa (Third Section)”

§571 (624): Paccayādaniṭṭhā nipātanā sijjhanti (Forms the suffix rules do not reach are established by direct statement) vidhyaṅga

Section titled “§571 (624): Paccayādaniṭṭhā nipātanā sijjhanti (Forms the suffix rules do not reach are established by direct statement) vidhyaṅga ”

Saṅkhyānāmasamāsataddhitākhyātakitakappamhi sappaccayā ye saddā aniṭṭhaṅgatā, te sādhanena nirakkhitvā sakehi sakehi nāmehi nipātanā sijjhanti.

Saṅkhyāyaṃ tāva – ekassa ekā1 hoti, dasassa ca dakārassa rakārādeso hoti. Eko ca dasa ca ekārasa.

Dvissa bā hoti, dasassa ca dakārassa rakārādeso hoti, dve ca dasa ca bārasa.

Dvissa bā hoti, dasassa ca vīsaṃ hoti. Dve ca vīsañca bāvīsaṃ.

Chassa so hoti, dasassa ca dakārassa ḷo hoti, cha ca dasa ca soḷasa.

Chaāyatanamhi chassa saḷo hoti, saḷāyatanaṃ. Evaṃ sesā saṅkhyā kātabbā.

Nāmike tāva-ima samāna apara iccetehi jjajju paccayā honti, ima samānasaddānañca akārasakārādesā honti. Imasmiṃ kāle ajja, ajju, samāne kāle sajja, sajju, aparasmiṃ kāle aparajja, aparajju.

Samāse tāva – bhūmigato, apāyagato, issarakataṃ. Sallaviddho, kathinadussaṃ, corabhayaṃ, dhaññarāsi, saṃsāradukkhaṃ, pubbāparaṃ.

Taddhite tāva – vāsiṭṭho, bhāradvājo, bhaggavo, paṇḍavo, kāleyyo.

Ākhyāte tāva – ‘‘asa bhāve’’ti dhātuto vattamānesu ekavacanabahuvacanesu ekavacanassa tissa sso hoti antena saha, bahuvacanassa antissa ssu hoti antena saha. Evamassa vacanīyo, evamassu vacanīyā.

Āṇattiyaṃ hissa ssu hoti vā, gacchassu, gacchāhi.

Kitake tāva – vada hanaiccevamādīhi dhātūhi kapaccayo hoti, vadassa ca vādo hoti, hanassa ca ghāto hoti. Vādako, ghātako.

Naṭadhātuto tapaccayassa2 cca ṭṭādesā honti antena saha. Naccaṃ, naṭṭaṃ. Iccevamādayo nipātanā sijjhanti.

In the chapters on numerals, nouns, compounds, taddhita, verbs and kita, those words with a suffix that have not reached completion are, having been examined through their derivation (sādhana), established by direct statement (nipātana), each under its own name.3

§572 (625): Sāsa disato tassa riṭṭho ca (riṭṭha for ta after sāsa, disa; and raṭṭha, raṭṭhuṃ) apavada

Section titled “§572 (625): Sāsa disato tassa riṭṭho ca (riṭṭha for ta after sāsa, disa; and raṭṭha, raṭṭhuṃ) apavada ”

Sāsa disaiccevamādīhi dhātūhi tapaccayassa riṭṭhādeso hoti ṭhāne.

Anusiṭṭho so mayā, diṭṭhaṃ me rūpaṃ.

Caggahaṇena kiccatakārassa ca tuṃ paccayassa ca raṭṭharaṭṭhuṃ ādesā honti. Dassanīyaṃ daṭṭhabbaṃ. Daṭṭhuṃ vihāraṃ gacchanti samaṇānaṃ.

After the roots sāsa (“to instruct”) and disa (“to see”) and the like, the suffix ta is replaced by riṭṭha where that is its place.

By the mention of ca, the ta of the kicca [suffix] and the suffix tuṃ are replaced by raṭṭha and raṭṭhuṃ.

§573 (626): Sādisanta puccha bhanja hansādīhiṭṭho (ṭṭha for ta with the root’s final, after roots in s, puccha, bhanja, hansa) apavada

Section titled “§573 (626): Sādisanta puccha bhanja hansādīhiṭṭho (ṭṭha for ta with the root’s final, after roots in s, puccha, bhanja, hansa) apavada ”

Sakāranta puccha bhanja hansa iccevamādīhi dhātūhi tapaccayassa sahādibyañjanena ṭṭhādeso hoti ṭhāne.

Tuṭṭho, ahinā daṭṭho naro, mayā puṭṭho, bhaṭṭho, pabhaṭṭho, haṭṭho, pahaṭṭho, yiṭṭho. Evamaññepi dhātavo sabbattha yojetabbā.

After roots ending in s, and after puccha (“to ask”), bhanja (“to break, to crush”), hansa (“to be thrilled”) and the like, the suffix ta together with the consonant before it is replaced by ṭṭha where that is its place.

§574 (613): Vasato uttha (uttha for ta with the root’s final, after vasa) apavada

Section titled “§574 (613): Vasato uttha (uttha for ta with the root’s final, after vasa) apavada ”

Vasa iccetamhā dhātumhā takārapaccayassa sahādibyañjanena uṭṭhādeso7 hoti ṭhāne.

Vassaṃvuṭṭho.

After the root vasa (“to dwell”), the suffix ta together with the consonant before it is replaced by uttha where that is its place.

§575 (614): Vassa vā vu (Optionally vu, that is u, for the va of vasa) apavada

Section titled “§575 (614): Vassa vā vu (Optionally vu, that is u, for the va of vasa) apavada ”

Vasasseva dhātussa tapaccaye pare vakārassa ukārādeso hoti vā.

Vusitaṃ brahmacariyaṃ, uṭṭho. Vuṭṭho8 vā.

Of the root vasa alone, when the suffix ta follows, the letter va is optionally replaced by the letter u.9

§576 (607): Dha ḍha bha he hi dhaḍḍhā ca (dha, ḍha for ta after roots in dh, ḍh, bh, h) apavada

Section titled “§576 (607): Dha ḍha bha he hi dhaḍḍhā ca (dha, ḍha for ta after roots in dh, ḍh, bh, h) apavada ”

Dha ḍha bha haiccevamantehi dhātūhi takārapaccayassa yathākkamaṃ dha ḍhādesā honti.

Yathā? Buddho bhagavā, vuḍḍho10 bhikkhu, laddhaṃ me pattacīvaraṃ11, agginā daḍḍhaṃ vanaṃ.

After roots ending in dh, ḍh, bh and h, the suffix ta is replaced by dha and ḍha respectively.12

§577 (628): Bhanjato ggo ca (And gga for ta with the root’s final, after bhanja) apavada

Section titled “§577 (628): Bhanjato ggo ca (And gga for ta with the root’s final, after bhanja) apavada ”

Bhanjato dhātumhā takārapaccayassa ggo ādeso hoti sahādibyañjanena.

Bhaggo.

After the root bhanja (“to break”), the suffix ta together with the consonant before it is replaced by gga.13

§578 (560): Bhujādīnamanto no dvi ca (After bhuja etc. the final is dropped and the ta doubled) apavada

Section titled “§578 (560): Bhujādīnamanto no dvi ca (After bhuja etc. the final is dropped and the ta doubled) apavada ”

Bhujaiccevamādīnaṃ dhātūnaṃ anto no hoti, tapaccayassa ca dvebhāvo14 hoti.

Bhutto, bhuttāvī, catto, satto, ratto, yutto, vivitto.

The final [consonant] of the roots bhuja (“to eat”) and the like is elided, and the suffix ta is doubled.15

§579 (629): Vaca vāvu (u for the va of vaca, the final dropped and the ta doubled) apavada

Section titled “§579 (629): Vaca vāvu (u for the va of vaca, the final dropped and the ta doubled) apavada ”

Vaca iccetassa dhātussa16 vakārassa ukārādeso hoti anto cakāro no hoti, tapaccayassa ca dvebhāvo hoti vā.

Vuttaṃ bhagavatā, uttaṃ vā.

Of the root vaca (“to speak”), the letter va is replaced by u, the final c is elided, and the suffix ta is doubled — optionally.

§580 (630): Gupādīnañca (And after gupa etc. [the final is dropped and the ta doubled]) apavada

Section titled “§580 (630): Gupādīnañca (And after gupa etc. [the final is dropped and the ta doubled]) apavada ”

Gupaiccevamādīnaṃ dhātūnaṃ anto ca byañjano no hoti, tapaccayassa ca dvebhāvo hoti.

Sugutto, catto, litto, santatto, utto, vivitto, sitto. Evamaññepi yojetabbā.

And the final consonant of the roots gupa (“to guard”) and the like is elided, and the suffix ta is doubled.1718

§581 (616): Tarādīhi iṇṇo (iṇṇa for ta after tara etc., the final dropped) apavada

Section titled “§581 (616): Tarādīhi iṇṇo (iṇṇa for ta after tara etc., the final dropped) apavada ”

Taraiccevamādīhi dhātūhi tapaccayassa iṇṇādeso hoti, anto ca byañjano no hoti.

Taratīti tiṇṇo, uttaratīti uttiṇṇo, saṃpūratīti sampuṇṇo, turatīti tuṇṇo, parijīratīti parijiṇṇo, ākiratīti ākiṇṇo.

After the roots tara (“to cross”) and the like, the suffix ta is replaced by iṇṇa, and the final consonant [of the root] is elided.

§582 (631): Bhidādito inna anna īṇāvā (Optionally inna, anna, īṇa for ta after bhida etc., the final dropped) apavada

Section titled “§582 (631): Bhidādito inna anna īṇāvā (Optionally inna, anna, īṇa for ta after bhida etc., the final dropped) apavada ”

Bhidiiccevamādīhi dhātūhi tapaccayassa inna anna īṇādesā honti vā, anto ca byañjano no hoti.

Bhinditabboti bhinno, chindīyatīti chinno, ucchindīyitthāti ucchinno, dīyatīti dinno, nisīdatīti nisinno, suṭṭhu chādīyatīti suchanno, khidatīti khinno, rodatīti runno, khīṇā jāti.

Vāti kimatthaṃ? Bhijjatīti bhitti.

After the roots bhida (“to split”) and the like, the suffix ta is optionally replaced by inna, anna and īṇa, and the final consonant [of the root] is elided.

§583 (617): Susa paca sakato kkha kkā ca (kkha, kka for ta after susa, paca, saka, the final dropped) apavada

Section titled “§583 (617): Susa paca sakato kkha kkā ca (kkha, kka for ta after susa, paca, saka, the final dropped) apavada ”

Susa paca sakaiccevamādīhi dhātūhi tapaccayassa kkhakkādesā honti, anto ca byañjano no hoti.

Sussatīti sukkhaṃ, kaṭṭhaṃ, paccatīti pakkaṃ, phalaṃ. Sakati samattheti, pūjetīti vā sakko, sujampati.

After the roots susa (“to dry”), paca (“to cook, to ripen”), saka (“to be able”) and the like, the suffix ta is replaced by kkha and kka, and the final consonant [of the root] is elided.21

§584 (618): Pakkamādīhi nto ca (nta for ta after pakkama etc., the final dropped; and nti for ti) apavada

Section titled “§584 (618): Pakkamādīhi nto ca (nta for ta after pakkama etc., the final dropped; and nti for ti) apavada ”

Pakkamaiccevamādīhi dhātūhi tapaccayassa nto ādeso hoti, anto ca no hoti.

Pakkamatīti pakkanto, vibbhamatīti vibbhanto, saṅkanto, khanto, santo, danto, vanto.

Caggahaṇaṃ kimatthaṃ? Teheva dhātūhi tapaccayassanti hoti. Anto ca no hoti. Kanti, khanti. Evaṃ sabbattha.

After the roots pakkama (“to set out”) and the like, the suffix ta is replaced by nta, and the final [consonant of the root] is elided.

§585 (619): Janādīnamā timhi ca (ā for the final of jana etc. before ta, and before ti) apavada

Section titled “§585 (619): Janādīnamā timhi ca (ā for the final of jana etc. before ta, and before ti) apavada ”

Janaiccevamādīnaṃ dhātūnaṃ antassa byañjanassa āttaṃ hoti tapaccaye pare, timhi ca.

Ajanīti jāto, jananaṃ jāti.

Timhīti kimatthaṃ? Aññasmimpi paccaye pare ākāranivattanatthaṃ. Janitvā, janitā, janituṃ, janitabbaṃ iccevamādi.

The final consonant of the roots jana (“to be born”) and the like becomes ā when the suffix ta follows, and when ti follows.

§586 (600): Gama khana hana ramādīnamanto (The final of gama, khana, hana, ramu etc. [is optionally dropped before ta, ti]) apavada

Section titled “§586 (600): Gama khana hana ramādīnamanto (The final of gama, khana, hana, ramu etc. [is optionally dropped before ta, ti]) apavada ”

Gama khana hana ramuiccevamādīnaṃ dhātūnaṃ anto byañjano no hoti vā tapaccaye pare timhi ca.

Sundaraṃ nibbānaṃ gacchatīti sugato. Sundaraṃ nibbānaṃ gacchatīti sugati, khataṃ, khati. Upahataṃ, upahati. Rato, rati, mato, mati.

Vāti kimatthaṃ? Ramato, ramati.

The final consonant of the roots gama (“to go”), khana (“to dig”), hana (“to strike”), ramu (“to delight”) and the like is optionally elided when the suffix ta follows, and when ti follows.

§587 (632): Rakāro ca (And a final r [is dropped before ta, ti]) apavada

Section titled “§587 (632): Rakāro ca (And a final r [is dropped before ta, ti]) apavada ”

Rakāro ca dhātūnamantabhūto no hoti tapaccaye, pare timhi ca.

Pakārena karīyatīti pakato, paṭhamaṃ karīyatīti pakati, visarīyatīti visato, visati.

And the letter r standing at the end of a root is elided when the suffix ta follows, and when ti follows.

§588 (620): Ṭhāpānami ī ca (i, ī for the ā of ṭhā, pā before ta, and before ti) apavada

Section titled “§588 (620): Ṭhāpānami ī ca (i, ī for the ā of ṭhā, pā before ta, and before ti) apavada ”

Ṭhā pā iccetesaṃ dhātūnaṃ antassa ākārassa ikāra īkārādesā honti yathāsaṅkhyaṃ tapaccaye pare, timhi ca.

Yatra ṭhito, ṭhiti, pīto, pīti.

The final ā of the roots ṭhā (“to stand”) and pā (“to drink”) is replaced by i and ī respectively when the suffix ta follows, and when ti follows.27

§589 (621): Hantehi ho hassa ḷo vā adahanahānaṃ (ha for ta after roots in h, whose h optionally becomes ḷ; not daha, naha) apavada

Section titled “§589 (621): Hantehi ho hassa ḷo vā adahanahānaṃ (ha for ta after roots in h, whose h optionally becomes ḷ; not daha, naha) apavada ”

Hakārantehi dhātūhi tapaccayassa hakārādeso hoti, hakārassa dhātvantassa ḷo hoti vā adahanahānaṃ.

Āruhitthāti āruḷho. Gāḷho, bāḷho. Mūḷho28.

Adahanahānamiti kimatthaṃ? Dayhatīti daḍḍho, saṃsuṭṭhu nayhatīti sannaddho.

After roots ending in h, the suffix ta is replaced by ha, and the h at the end of the root optionally becomes ḷ — but not that of daha (“to burn”) and naha (“to bind”).

Iti kibbidhānakappe tatiyo kaṇḍo.

Thus ends the third section of the kibbidhāna chapter.

Footnotes

Section titled “Footnotes”

  1. CST4 prints etā; the manuscripts B1, S1, S2 and T read ekā. ↩

  2. CST4 prints tapañcayassa. ↩

  3. Nandisena (2005) renders sādhanena nirakkhitvā “having shown them by sādhana”; the Pāḷi says “having examined [them] through their derivation”. Senart’s edition reads parikkhitvā for the CST’s nirakkhitvā; the CST is kept. ↩

  4. Senart’s edition reads koleyyo for the CST’s kāleyyo; the CST is kept. ↩

  5. Senart’s edition glosses each word of the list and adds saṃsaṭṭho, visiṭṭho (T vissaṭṭho) and pavesayitthāti paviṭṭho, which the CST lacks; the CST’s list is kept. ↩

  6. Nandisena (2005) heads the rule Vasato uṭṭha and reads vassaṃvuṭṭho, with Senart’s edition and B1; T, S1 and S2 read the dental uttha, vassaṃ vuttho. ↩

  7. CST4’s vutti section prints the retroflex uṭṭha here and in §575, and vassaṃvuṭṭho; its sutta list and the Rūpasiddhi read the dental uttha, which the heading follows. ↩

  8. CST4 prints Vuṭho. ↩

  9. Nandisena (2005) reads the sutta as vā-v-u and renders “u or v”; the vutti says ukārādeso, u alone. ↩

  10. CST4 prints vaḍḍho bhikkhu; Senart’s edition, B1 and T read vuḍḍho, which is read here. ↩

  11. CST4 prints patthacīvaraṃ; the Burmese text and Senart’s edition read pattacīvaraṃ. ↩

  12. Malai (1997) reads the sutta’s ca as cancelling the vā of §575 (614): Vassa vā vu; Nandisena (2005) renders it “also”. ↩

  13. Malai (1997) renders “the root bhaja together with the preceding consonant is changed into ggo”; the Pāḷi replaces the suffix, takārapaccayassa ggo ādeso hoti. Senart’s edition adds the example pabhaggo rukkho, which the CST lacks. ↩

  14. CST4 prints dvitāvo; §579–§580 have dvebhāvo. ↩

  15. Senart’s edition adds bhuttavā and patati etthāti patto to the CST’s list; the CST is kept. ↩

  16. CST4 prints dhātvassa. ↩

  17. Senart’s edition reads cintetīti citto for the CST’s catto, adds ābhuso dippatīti āditto and omits utto, which S1, S2 and T carry and gloss from vaca (uccatīti utto); the CST’s list is kept. ↩

  18. Senart’s edition closes the vutti dvibhāvo hoti vā, a vā the CST’s vutti lacks, and Malai (1997) accordingly renders “the suffix ta is optionally doubled”; the CST is kept. ↩

  19. Senart’s edition, T, S1 and S2 read tudatīti tuṇṇo for the CST’s turatīti tuṇṇo; the CST is kept. ↩

  20. T reads rundhitabboti runno, from rudha, for the CST’s rodatīti runno; Senart’s list also has sambhinno, channo and acchanno. ↩

  21. Senart’s edition reads susa paca saka iccetehi dhātūhi for the CST’s iccevamādīhi and sakkomīti sakko'haṃ for the CST’s third example; the CST is kept. ↩

  22. Malai (1997) prints tippaccayassa nti-ādeso, making ti the suffix replaced, though every version he reports reads tappaccayassa; the transmitted tapaccayassa is kept. ↩

  23. Nandisena (2005) glosses kanti “liking”; the rule’s root is kamu, “to step”, and Senart’s edition glosses kamanaṃ kanti, “going”. ↩

  24. Senart’s edition glosses maññatīti mato, mati and reads samaggarati, abhirato, abhirati for the CST’s rato, rati; S1 and S2 add maratīti mato. ↩

  25. Malai (1997) and Nandisena (2005), after Senart’s glosses ramatīti ramato, ramaṇaṃ ramati, render the pair as two nouns, “one who delights” and “pleasure”; the table reads ramato as the participle and ramati as the verb. ↩

  26. Senart’s edition glosses visesena saratīti visato, from sara, “to remember”, and Malai (1997) renders “one who remembers specifically”; the CST’s visarīyatīti is the passive of visarati, “spreads”. ↩

  27. Malai (1997) reads the ca as joining the two replacements i and ī; Nandisena (2005) renders it “also”. ↩

  28. CST4 prints Mūḷo; the Rūpasiddhi and the Tipiṭaka have mūḷho. ↩

  29. Senart’s edition glosses agahīti gāḷho, from gaha, “to take”, and Malai (1997) renders “one who has taken”; Nandisena (2005) has “that which is mixed”. S1 and S2 gloss gāhatīti gāḷho, from gāha, “to plunge”, as the table does. ↩

  30. Malai (1997) renders bāḷho “one who has prospered”, after the glosses from baha, “to grow”; Nandisena (2005) has “that which is strong”. ↩