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Kaccāyana

7. Kibbidhānakappa (Primary derivation chapter): Pañcamakaṇḍa (Fifth Section) (§607–§623)

Pañcamakaṇḍa (Fifth Section)

Section titled “Pañcamakaṇḍa (Fifth Section)”

§607 (578): Niggahita saṃyogādino (n heading a conjunct becomes niggahīta) utsarga

Section titled “§607 (578): Niggahita saṃyogādino (n heading a conjunct becomes niggahīta) utsarga ”

Saṃyogādibhūto nakāro niggahitamāpajjate.

Raṅgo, bhaṅgo, saṅgo.

The letter n that stands at the beginning of a conjunct (saṃyoga) becomes niggahīta (ṃ).

§608 (623): Sabbattha ge gī (gī for the root ge everywhere) apavada

Section titled “§608 (623): Sabbattha ge gī (gī for the root ge everywhere) apavada ”

Ge iccetassa dhātussa gī ādeso hoti sabbattha ṭhāne.

Gītaṃ gāyati.

The root ge is replaced by gī everywhere, in [every] position.3

§609 (484): Sadassa sīdattaṃ (sīda for the root sada everywhere) apavada

Section titled “§609 (484): Sadassa sīdattaṃ (sīda for the root sada everywhere) apavada ”

Sada iccetassa dhātussa sīdādeso hoti sabbattha ṭhāne.

Nisinno, nisīdati.

The root sada is replaced by sīda everywhere, in [every] position.

§610 (627): Yajassa sarassi ṭṭhe (the vowel of yaja becomes i before ṭṭha) apavada

Section titled “§610 (627): Yajassa sarassi ṭṭhe (the vowel of yaja becomes i before ṭṭha) apavada ”

Yaja iccetassa dhātussa sarassa ikārādeso hoti ṭṭhe pare.

Yiṭṭho, yiṭṭhā.

Ṭṭheti kimatthaṃ?

Yajanaṃ.

The vowel of the root yaja is replaced by the letter i when ṭṭha follows.

§611 (608): Hacatutthānamantānaṃ do dhe (root-final h and fourth letters become d before dh) apavada

Section titled “§611 (608): Hacatutthānamantānaṃ do dhe (root-final h and fourth letters become d before dh) apavada ”

Hacatutthānaṃ dhātvantānaṃ do ādeso hoti dhe pare.

Sannaddho, kuddho, yuddho, siddho, laddho, āraddho.

The root-final letters h and the fourth [letters of the classes] are replaced by d when dh follows.

§612 (615): Ḍo ḍhakāre (and ḍ before ḍh) apavada

Section titled “§612 (615): Ḍo ḍhakāre (and ḍ before ḍh) apavada ”

Hacatutthānaṃ dhātvantānaṃ ḍo ādeso hoti ḍhakāre pare.

Dayhatīti daḍḍho, vaḍḍhatīti vuḍḍho.

Ḍhakāreti kimatthaṃ?

Dāho.

The root-final letters h and the fourth [letters of the classes] are replaced by ḍ when the letter ḍh follows.

§613 (583): Gahassa ghara ṇe vā (Optionally ghara for gaha before ṇa) apavada

Section titled “§613 (583): Gahassa ghara ṇe vā (Optionally ghara for gaha before ṇa) apavada ”

Gaha iccetassa dhātussa sabbassa gharādeso hoti vā ṇapaccaye pare.

Gharaṃ, gharāni.

Vāti kimatthaṃ?

Gāho.

Optionally, the whole of the root gaha is replaced by ghara when the suffix ṇa follows.

§614 (581): Dahassa do ḷaṃ (Optionally ḷ for the d of daha [before ṇa]) apavada

Section titled “§614 (581): Dahassa do ḷaṃ (Optionally ḷ for the d of daha [before ṇa]) apavada ”

Daha iccetassa dhātussa dakāro ḷattamāpajjate vā ṇapaccaye pare.

Paridahanaṃ pariḷāho.

Vāti kimatthaṃ?

Paridāho.

Optionally, the letter d of the root daha becomes ḷ when the suffix ṇa follows.

§615 (586): Dhātvantassa lopo kvimhi (a root’s final consonant is elided before kvi) utsarga

Section titled “§615 (586): Dhātvantassa lopo kvimhi (a root’s final consonant is elided before kvi) utsarga ”

Dhātvantassa byañjanassa lopo hoti kvimhi paccaye pare.

Bhujena gacchatīti, bhujago.

Urena gacchatīti urago, turago, saṅkho.

The final consonant of a root is elided when the suffix kvi follows.

§616 (587): Vidante ū (ū inserted at the end of vida [before kvi]) apavada

Section titled “§616 (587): Vidante ū (ū inserted at the end of vida [before kvi]) apavada ”

Vida iccetassa dhātussa ante ūkārāgamo hoti kvimhi paccaye pare.

Lokaṃ vidati jānātīti lokavidū.

At the end of the root vida the insertion (āgama) ū is inserted when the suffix kvi follows.

§617 (633): Na ma ka rānamantānaṃ niyuttatamhi (final n, m, k, r kept before a t suffix with i) apavada

Section titled “§617 (633): Na ma ka rānamantānaṃ niyuttatamhi (final n, m, k, r kept before a t suffix with i) apavada ”

Nakāra makāra kakāra rakārānaṃ dhātvantānaṃ lopo na hoti ikārayutte tapaccaye pare.

Hanituṃ5, gamito, ramito, sakito, sarito, karitvā.

Iyuttatamhīti kimatthaṃ?

Gato, sato.

The root-final letters n, m, k and r are not elided when the suffix ta joined with the letter i follows.

§618 (571): Na ka gattaṃ ca jāṇvumhi (c, j do not become k, g before ṇvu) apavada

Section titled “§618 (571): Na ka gattaṃ ca jāṇvumhi (c, j do not become k, g before ṇvu) apavada ”

Cakāra jakārā kakāra gakārattaṃ nāpajjante ṇvumhi paccaye pare.

Pacatīti pācako, yajatīti yājako.

The letters c and j do not become k and g when the suffix ṇvu follows.

§619 (573): Karassa ca tattaṃ tusmiṃ (and the r of kara becomes t before tu) apavada

Section titled “§619 (573): Karassa ca tattaṃ tusmiṃ (and the r of kara becomes t before tu) apavada ”

Kara iccetassa dhātussa antassa rakārassa takārattaṃ hoti tupaccaye pare.

Karotīti kattā, karontīti kattāro.

The final letter r of the root kara becomes the letter t when the suffix tu follows.

§620 (549): Tuṃ tuna tabbesu vā (Optionally [t for the r of kara] before tuṃ, tuna, tabba) apavada

Section titled “§620 (549): Tuṃ tuna tabbesu vā (Optionally [t for the r of kara] before tuṃ, tuna, tabba) apavada ”

Kara iccetassa dhātussa antassa rakārassa takārattaṃ hoti vā tuṃ tuna tabba iccetesu paccayesu.

Kattuṃ, kātuṃ, kattuna. Kātuna, kattabbaṃ, kātabbaṃ.

Optionally, the final letter r of the root kara becomes the letter t when the suffixes tuṃ, tuna and tabba follow.

§621 (553): Kāritaṃ viya ṇānubandho (a suffix marked with ṇ counts as a causative) vidhyaṅga

Section titled “§621 (553): Kāritaṃ viya ṇānubandho (a suffix marked with ṇ counts as a causative) vidhyaṅga ”

Ṇakārānubandho paccayo kāritaṃ viya daṭṭhabbo vā.

Dāho, deho, vāho, bāho, cāgo, vāro, cāro, parikkhāro, dāyako, nāyako, lāvako, bhāvako, kārī, ghātī, dāyī.

Vāti kimatthaṃ?

Upakkharo.

Optionally, a suffix that has the letter ṇ as its indicatory letter (anubandha) is to be regarded like a causative (kārita).

§622 (570): Anakā yu ṇvūnaṃ (ana, aka for yu, ṇvu) utsarga

Section titled “§622 (570): Anakā yu ṇvūnaṃ (ana, aka for yu, ṇvu) utsarga ”

Yuṇvu iccetesaṃ paccayānaṃ ana aka iccete ādesā honti.

Nandanaṃ, kārako.

The suffixes yu and ṇvu are replaced by ana and aka [respectively].10

§623 (554): Ka gā ca jānaṃ (k, g for root-final c, j before a ṇ-marked suffix) apavada

Section titled “§623 (554): Ka gā ca jānaṃ (k, g for root-final c, j before a ṇ-marked suffix) apavada ”

Ca ja iccetesaṃ dhātvantānaṃ kakāragakārādesā honti ṇānubandhe paccaye pare.

Pāko, yogo.

The root-final letters c and j are replaced by the letters k and g [respectively] when a suffix with the indicatory letter ṇ follows.

Iti kibbidhānakappe pañcamo kaṇḍo.

Thus ends the fifth section of the kibbidhāna chapter.

Kitakappo niṭṭhito.

The kita chapter is finished.

Footnotes

Section titled “Footnotes”

  1. Senart’s edition and the Sinhalese manuscript read Niggahītaṃ for the CST’s Niggahita. ↩

  2. Nandisena (2005) glosses raṅgo “dancing place”, the sense of Senart’s gloss rañjati etthāti raṅgo at §590; the CST’s ranjatīti raṅgo gives the agent, “dye, colour”. ↩

  3. Nandisena (2005) and Malai (1997) list gāyati as a second example, as Senart’s Gītaṃ; gāyati punctuates it; here the vutti is read as one sentence, “he sings a song”. ↩

  4. Nandisena (2005) prints paridahanaṃ, pariḷāho as two examples under the one gloss “burning”; paridahanaṃ keeps its d and is the gloss of pariḷāho. Senart’s sutta reads laṃ for the CST’s ḷaṃ. ↩

  5. CST4 prints Hanibhuṃ; the Rūpasiddhi cites hanituṃ under this rule. ↩

  6. Senart’s edition reads aṅkito, saṅkito for the CST’s sakito, and the Rūpasiddhi has saṅkito (“suspected”, from saki); the CST is kept, with the Nyāsa’s root saka, “to honour”. ↩

  7. Senart’s edition has four counter-examples, gato, sato, kato, hato, for the CST’s two. ↩

  8. Senart’s edition, with the Sinhalese manuscript, lacks bāho and cāro and has nādo, bodho and dhāro instead; the CST’s list is kept. ↩

  9. Nandisena (2005) glosses upakkharo “a doer close to someone, assistant”; in the canon upakkhara is the fitting of a cart. ↩

  10. Senart’s edition reads Nanditabbanti nandanaṃ vanaṃ; bhūyate bhavanaṃ; gayhate gahaṇaṃ; naḷaṃ karotīti naḷakārako for the CST’s nandanaṃ, kārako; the CST is kept. ↩