option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
dādantassa (dhātussa)
(hoti)
aṃ
mi mesu
the final of the root dā
(becomes)
aṃbefore the endings mi, ma
Dā iccetassa dhātussa antassa aṃ hoti mima iccetesu.
Dammi, damma.
The final of the root dā becomes aṃ before mi and ma.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️👆⨀(√dā + a + mi)
dammi
vattamānā
I give
▶️👆⨂(√dā + a + ma)
damma
vattamānā
we give
√dā + a + mi (vattamānā 👆⨀)
rule
→
dā + a + mi
§510
→
d + (ā→aṃ) + mi
§482
→
da + (ṃ→m) + mi
§31
→
dammi
√dā + a + ma (vattamānā 👆⨂)
rule
→
dā + a + ma
§510
→
d + (ā→aṃ) + ma
§482
→
da + (ṃ→m) + ma
§31
→
damma
ahaṃ tesaṃ dammi (2V 1.5.6.9: Vikappanasikkhāpada)
sumanā damma te mayaṃ (23J 20.1.2: Soṇanandajātaka)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
asaṃyogantassa (dhātussa)
vuddhi
(ā|e|o)
kārite
a root not ending in a conjunct consonant
strengthening
(a→ā, i→e, u→o)
before a kārita (causative) suffix
Asaṃyogantassa dhātussa kārite vuddhi hoti.
Kāreti, kārenti, kārayati, kārayanti, kārāpeti, kārāpenti, kārāpayati, kārāpayanti.
Asaṃyogantasseti kimatthaṃ? Cintayati, mantayati.
A root that does not end in a conjunct takes vuddhi (strengthening) before a kārita (causative) suffix.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√kara + ṇe + ti)
kāreti
vattamānā
he causes to do, has [it] done
▶️🤟⨂(√kara + ṇe + anti)
kārenti
vattamānā
they cause to do
▶️🤟⨀(√kara + ṇaya + ti)
kārayati
vattamānā
he causes to do
▶️🤟⨂(√kara + ṇaya + anti)
kārayanti
vattamānā
they cause to do
▶️🤟⨀(√kara + ṇāpe + ti)
kārāpeti
vattamānā
he has [it] done
▶️🤟⨂(√kara + ṇāpe + anti)
kārāpenti
vattamānā
they have [it] done
▶️🤟⨀(√kara + ṇāpaya + ti)
kārāpayati
vattamānā
he has [it] done
▶️🤟⨂(√kara + ṇāpaya + anti)
kārāpayanti
vattamānā
they have [it] done
√kara + ṇe + ti (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
kar + a + ṇe + ti
§521
→
kar + ṇe + ti
§523
→
k + (a→ā) + reti
§483
→
kāreti
√kara + ṇāpe + anti (vattamānā 🤟⨂)
rule
→
kar + a + ṇāpe + anti
§521
→
kar + ṇāpe + anti
§523
→
k + (a→ā) + r + āpe + anti
§483
→
kārāp + (e + a) + nti
§13
→
kārāpenti
mātā rakkhati gopeti issariyaṃ kāreti vasaṃ vatteti (1V 1.2.5: Sañcarittasikkhāpada)
āvāhānipi kārāpeti (1V 1.2.5: Sañcarittasikkhāpada)
Ghaṭādīnaṃ dhātūnaṃ asaṃyogantānaṃ vuddhi hoti vā kārite.
Ghāṭeti, ghaṭeti, ghāṭayati, ghaṭayati, ghāṭāpeti, ghaṭāpeti, ghāṭāpayati, ghaṭāpayati, gāmeti, gameti, gāmayati, gamayati, gāmāpeti, gamāpeti. Gāmāpayati, gamāpayati.
Ghaṭādīnamiti kimatthaṃ? Kāreti.
Optionally, the roots ghaṭa and the like, not ending in a conjunct consonant, take vuddhi before a kārita suffix.
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
ca
(sabbesaṃ dhātūnaṃ asaṃyogantānaṃ)
(vuddhi)
(e|o)
aññesu (paccayesu)
and
(all roots not ending in a conjunct)
(strengthening)
(e|o)
before the other suffixes
Aññesu ca paccayesu sabbesaṃ dhātūnaṃ asaṃyogantānaṃ vuddhi hoti.
Jayati, hoti, bhavati.
Caggahaṇena ṇupaccayassāpi vuddhi hoti. Abhisuṇoti.
And before the other suffixes, all roots not ending in a conjunct consonant take vuddhi.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√ji + a + ti)
jayati
vattamānā
he conquers
▶️🤟⨀(√hū + a + ti)
hoti
vattamānā
he is, becomes
▶️🤟⨀(√bhū + a + ti)
bhavati
vattamānā
he is, becomes
√ji + a + ti (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
j + (i→e) + a + ti
§485
→
j + (e→aya) + a + ti
§514
→
jay + (a + a) + ti
§83
→
jayati
√hū + a + ti (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
hū + a + ti
§510
→
h(ū→o) + ti
§485
→
hoti
√bhū + a + ti (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
bh(ū→o) + a + ti
§485
→
bh(o→ava) + a + ti
§513
→
bhav + (a + a) + ti
§83
→
bhavati
Caggahaṇena ṇupaccayassāpi vuddhi hoti. Abhisuṇoti.
By the word ca, the suffix ṇu too takes vuddhi.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(abhi + √su + ṇu + ti)
abhisuṇoti
vattamānā
he listens to
abhi + √su + ṇu + ti (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
abhisu + ṇ + (u→o) + ti
§485
→
abhisuṇoti
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
guha dusānaṃ (dhātūnaṃ saro)
dīghaṃ
(ū)
(kārite)
the vowel of the roots guha, dusa
lengthening
(ū)
(before a kārita suffix)
Guha dusa iccetesaṃ dhātūnaṃ saro dīghamāpajjate kārite.
Gūhayati, dūsayati.
The vowel of the roots guha and dusa is lengthened before a kārita suffix.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√guha + ṇaya + ti)
gūhayati
vattamānā
he hides, conceals
▶️🤟⨀(√dusa + ṇaya + ti)
dūsayati
vattamānā
he spoils, corrupts
√guha + ṇaya + ti (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
guh + a + ṇaya + ti
§521
→
guh + ṇaya + ti
§523
→
g + (u→ū) + h + aya + ti
§486
→
gūhayati
√dusa + ṇaya + ti (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
dus + a + ṇaya + ti
§521
→
dus + ṇaya + ti
§523
→
d + (u→ū) + s + aya + ti
§486
→
dūsayati
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
vaca vasa vahādīnaṃ vassa
(hoti)
ukāro
ye (paccaye)
the va of vaca, vasa, vaha and the like
(becomes)
ubefore the suffix ya
Vaca vasa vahaiccevamādīnaṃ dhātūnaṃ vakārassa ukāro hoti yapaccaye pare.
Uccate, vuccati, vussati1
The letter v of the roots vaca, vasa, vaha and the like becomes u when the suffix ya follows.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√vaca + ya + te)
uccate
vattamānā attanopada
it is said, is called
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√vaca + ya + ti)
vuccati
vattamānā parassapada
it is said, is called
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√vasa + ya + ti)
vussati
vattamānā parassapada
it is lived
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√vaha + ya + ti)
vuyhati
vattamānā parassapada
he is carried away
√vaca + ya + te (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
vac + a + ya + te
§521
→
(va→u)c + ya + te
§487
→
u + (c + ya → cc) + a + te
§441
→
uccate
√vaca + ya + te (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
vac + a + ya + te
§521
→
(va→u)c + ya + te
§487
→
u + (c + ya → cc) + a + te
§441
→
(v) + ucca + te
§35
→
vucca + (te→ti)
§518
→
vuccati
√vasa + ya + te (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
(va→u)s + a + ya + te
§487, §521
→
u + (s + ya → ss) + a + te
§443
→
(v) + ussa + (te→ti)
§35, §518
→
vussati
√vaha + ya + te (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
(va→u)h + a + ya + te
§487, §521
→
u + (hy→yh) + a + te
§488
→
(v) + uyha + (te→ti)
§35, §518
→
vuyhati
ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo attantapo (10M 1.1: Kandarakasutta)
nibbānogadhañhi, rādha, brahmacariyaṃ vussati (13S3 2.1.1: Mārasutta) 2
so tattha anusotampi vuyhati (11M 3.10: Devadūtasutta)
katamā uccate (27Pe 7.2: Hārasampātabhūmi)
Hakārassa vipariyayo hoti yapaccaye pare, yapaccayassa ca lo hoti vā.
Vulhati, vuyhati.
When the suffix ya follows, the letter h is transposed, and optionally the suffix ya becomes la.3
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
gahassa (sabbassa)
(ādeso)
ghe
ppe (paccaye)
the whole of the root gaha
(replaced by)
ghebefore the suffix ppa
Gaha iccetassa dhātussa sabbassa ghekāro hoti ppapaccaye pare.
Gheppati.
The whole of the root gaha becomes ghe when the suffix ppa follows.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√gaha + ppa + ti)
gheppati
vattamānā
he takes, seizes
√gaha + ppa + ti (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
(gaha→ghe) + ppa + ti
§489
→
gheppati
Gaha iccetassa dhātussa hakārassa lopo hoti ṇhāmhi paccaye pare.
Gaṇhāti.
The letter h of the root gaha is elided when the suffix ṇhā follows.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√gaha + ṇhā + ti)
gaṇhāti
vattamānā
he takes, grasps
√gaha + ṇhā + ti (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
gah + a + ṇhā + ti
§521
→
ga + h + ṇhā + ti
§490
→
gaṇhāti
hatthena gaṇhāti, āpatti pārājikassa (1V 1.1.2: Dutiyapārājikasikkhāpada)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
(vā)
karassa (sabbassa)
kāsattaṃ
kāsa
ajjatanimhi (vibhattimhi)
(optionally)
the whole of the root kara
becoming kāsa
kāsabefore an ajjatanī ending
Kara iccetassa dhātussa sabbassa kāsattaṃ hoti vā ajjatanimhi vibhattimhi.
Akāsi, akāsuṃ. Akari, akaruṃ.
Kāsattamitibhāvaniddesena aññatthāpi sāgamo hoti. Ahosi, adāsi.
Optionally, the whole of the root kara becomes kāsa before an ajjatanī ending.
Kāsattamitibhāvaniddesena aññatthāpi sāgamo hoti. Ahosi, adāsi.
By the statement in the abstract, kāsattaṃ (bhāvaniddesa), the augment s occurs elsewhere too.4
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
⏮🤟⨀(√hū + ī)
ahosi
ajjatanī
he was, became
⏮🤟⨀(√dā + ī)
adāsi
ajjatanī
he gave
√hū + ī (ajjatanī 🤟⨀)
rule
→
(a) + hū + ī
§519
→
ahū + (s) + ī
§491
→
ah(ū→o) + s + ī
§485
→
ahos + (ī→i)
§517
→
ahosi
√dā + ī (ajjatanī 🤟⨀)
rule
→
(a) + dā + ī
§519
→
adā + (s) + ī
§491
→
adās + (ī→i)
§517
→
adāsi
so bhikkhu tathā akāsi. tassa kukkuccaṃ ahosi (1V 1.1.1.5: Vinītavatthu)
ekadesaṃ tassā makkaṭiyā adāsi (1V 1.1.1.2: Makkaṭīvatthu)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
(vā)
asasmā
mimānaṃ
(ādesā)
mhi|mha
ca
(dhātu)antassa
lopo
sa
(optionally)
after the root asa
the endings mi, ma
(replaced by)
mhi|mha
and
the final of the root
elision
s
Asa iccetāya dhātuyā mima iccetesaṃ vibhattīnaṃ mhimhādesā honti vā, dhātvantassa lopo ca.
Amhi, amha, asmi, asma.
Optionally, after the root asa the endings mi and ma are replaced by mhi and mha, and the final of the root is elided.
Asa iccetāya dhātuyā thassa vibhattissa tthattaṃ hoti, dhātvantassa lopo ca.
Attha.
After the root asa, the ending tha becomes ttha, and the final of the root is elided.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤘⨂(√asa + a + tha)
attha
vattamānā
you (plural) are
√asa + a + tha (vattamānā 🤘⨂)
rule
→
as + a + a + tha
§521, §510
→
a + s + (tha→ttha)
§493
→
attha
tumhe khvattha, bhaṇe, mayā diṭṭhadhammike atthe anusāsitā (3V 5.1: Soṇakoḷivisavatthu)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
(asasmā)
tissa (vibhattissa)
tthittaṃ
tthi
(ca)
(dhātu)antassa
(lopo)
sa
(after the root asa)
the ending ti
becoming tthi
tthi
(and)
(the final of the root)
(elision)
s
Asa iccetāya dhātuyā tissa vibhattissa tthittaṃ hoti, dhātvantassa lopo ca.
Atthi.
After the root asa, the ending ti becomes tthi, and the final of the root is elided.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√asa + a + ti)
atthi
vattamānā
he is; there is
√asa + a + ti (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
as + a + a + ti
§521, §510
→
a + s + (ti→tthi)
§494
→
atthi
atthi paro loko (6D 1.3.1.4: Amarāvikkhepavāda)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
(asasmā)
tussa (vibhattissa)
tthuttaṃ
tthu
(ca)
(dhātu)antassa
(lopo)
sa
(after the root asa)
the ending tu
becoming tthu
tthu
(and)
(the final of the root)
(elision)
s
Asa iccetāya dhātuyā tussa vibhattissa tthuttaṃ hoti, dhātvantassa lopo ca.
Atthu.
After the root asa, the ending tu becomes tthu, and the final of the root is elided.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
⏯🤟⨀(√asa + a + tu)
atthu
pañcamī
let it be; may there be
√asa + a + tu (pañcamī 🤟⨀)
rule
→
as + a + a + tu
§521, §510
→
a + s + (tu→tthu)
§495
→
atthu
namatthu mahāgovindassa brāhmaṇassa (7D 6.6.8: Mahāgovindapabbajjā)
dhī taṃ jammi jare atthu (14S5 4.5.1: Jarādhammasutta)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
ca
(asasseva)
(dhātu)antassa
(lopo)
sasimhi (vibhattimhi)
and
(of the root asa alone)
(the final of the root)
(elision)
sbefore the ending si
Asasseva dhātussa simhi vibhattimhi antassa lopo ca hoti.
Ko nu tvamasi mārisa.
And of the root asa alone, the final is elided when the ending si follows.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤘⨀(√asa + a + si)
asi
vattamānā
you are
√asa + a + si (vattamānā 🤘⨀)
rule
→
as + a + a + si
§521, §510
→
a + s + si
§496
→
asi
vaṇṇavā yasavā sirimā, ko nu tvamasi mārisa (7D 6.6.3: Brahmunāsākacchā)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
labhasmā
ī iṃnaṃ (vibhattīnaṃ)
(ādesā)
ttha|tthaṃ
(yathāsaṅkhyaṃ)
(ca)
(dhātu)antassa
(lopo)
bha
after the root labha
the endings ī, iṃ
(replaced by)
ttha|tthaṃ(respectively)
(and)
(the final of the root)
(elision)
bh
Labha iccetāya dhātuyā ī iṃnaṃ vibhattīnaṃ ttha tthaṃ ādesā honti, dhātvantassa lopo ca.
Alattha, alatthaṃ.
After the root labha the endings ī and iṃ are replaced by ttha and tthaṃ, and the final of the root is elided.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
⏮🤟⨀(√labha + ī)
alattha
ajjatanī
he obtained
⏮👆⨀(√labha + iṃ)
alatthaṃ
ajjatanī
I obtained
√labha + ī (ajjatanī 🤟⨀)
rule
→
(a) + labha + ī
§519
→
a + la + bha + (ī→ttha)
§497
→
alattha
√labha + iṃ (ajjatanī 👆⨀)
rule
→
(a) + labha + iṃ
§519
→
a + la + bha + (iṃ→tthaṃ)
§497
→
alatthaṃ
alattha kho sudinno kalandaputto bhagavato santike pabbajjaṃ (1V 1.1.1.1: Sudinnabhāṇavāra)
upasampadaṃ alatthaṃ (3V 5.12: Mahākaccānassapañcavaraparidassana)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
kusasmā
(d)ī (vibhattissa)
(ādeso)
cchi
(ca)
(dhātu)antassa
(lopo)
sa
after the root kusa
the ending ī
(replaced by)
cchi
(and)
(the final of the root)
(elision)
s
Kusa iccetāya dhātuyā īvibhattissa cchihoti, dhātvantassa lopo ca.
Akkocchi.
After the root kusa5 ī becomes cchi, and the final of the root is elided.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
⏮🤟⨀(ā + √kusa + ī)
akkocchi
ajjatanī
he reviled, abused
ā + √kusa + ī (ajjatanī 🤟⨀)
rule
→
ā + ku + sa + (ī→cchi)
§498
→
ā + k + (u→o) + cchi
§485
→
(ā→a) + (k→kk) + occhi
§26, §28
→
akkocchi
akkocchi maṃ avadhi maṃ, ajini maṃ ahāsi me (3V 10.2: Dīghāvuvatthu)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
(vā)
dādhātussa (sabbassa)
(ādeso)
dajjaṃ
(optionally)
the whole of the root dā
(replaced by)
dajja
Dā iccetassa dhātussa sabbassa dajjādeso hoti vā.
Dajjāmi, dajjeyya, dadāmi, dadeyya.
Optionally, the whole of the root dā is replaced by dajja.6
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
(vā)
vadassa (sabbassa)
(ādeso)
vajjaṃ
(optionally)
the whole of the root vada
(replaced by)
vajja
Vada iccetassa dhātussa sabbassa vajjādeso hoti vā.
Vajjāmi, vajjeyya, vadāmi, vadeyya.
Optionally, the whole of the root vada is replaced by vajja.
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
(vā)
gamissa (sabbassa)
(ādeso)
ghammaṃ
(optionally)
the whole of the root gamu
(replaced by)
ghamma
Gamu iccetassa dhātussa sabbassa ghammādeso hoti vā.
Ghammatu. Ghammāhi, ghammāmi.
Vāti kimatthaṃ? Gacchatu, gacchāhi, gacchāmi.
Optionally, the whole of the root gamu is replaced by ghamma.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
⏯🤟⨀(√gamu + a + tu)
ghammatu
pañcamī
let him go
⏯🤘⨀(√gamu + a + hi)
ghammāhi
pañcamī
go!
⏯👆⨀(√gamu + a + mi)
ghammāmi
pañcamī
let me go (or vattamānā, “I go”)
√gamu + a + tu (pañcamī 🤟⨀)
rule
→
(gamu→ghamma) + a + tu
§501
→
ghamma + a + tu
§510
→
ghammatu
√gamu + a + hi (pañcamī 🤘⨀)
rule
→
(gamu→ghamma) + a + hi
§501
→
ghamma + a + hi
§510
→
ghamm + (a→ā) + hi
§478
→
ghammāhi
√gamu + a + mi (pañcamī 👆⨀)
rule
→
(gamu→ghamma) + a + mi
§501
→
ghamma + a + mi
§510
→
ghamm + (a→ā) + mi
§478
→
ghammāmi
§502 (493): Yamhi dā dhā mā ṭhā hā pā mahamathādīnamī (before ya, ī for the final of dā, dhā, mā, ṭhā, hā, pā, maha, matha etc.) apavada Section titled “§502 (493): Yamhi dā dhā mā ṭhā hā pā mahamathādīnamī (before ya, ī for the final of dā, dhā, mā, ṭhā, hā, pā, maha, matha etc.) apavada ”
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
dā dhā mā ṭhā hā pā mahamathādīnaṃ (dhātūnaṃ anto)
(āpajjate)
ī
yamhi (paccaye)
the final of the roots dā, dhā, mā, ṭhā, hā, pā, maha, matha and the like
(becomes)
ībefore the suffix ya
Yamhi paccaye pare dā dhā mā ṭhā hā pā maha matha iccevamādīnaṃ dhātūnaṃ anto īkāramāpajjate.
Dīyati, dhīyati, mīyati, ṭhīyati, hīyati, pīyati, mahīyati, mathīyati.
When the suffix ya follows, the final of the roots dā, dhā, mā, ṭhā, hā, pā, maha, matha and the like becomes ī.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√dā + ya + ti)
dīyati
vattamānā
it is given
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√dhā + ya + ti)
dhīyati
vattamānā
it is placed
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√mā + ya + ti)
mīyati
vattamānā
it is measured
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√ṭhā + ya + ti)
ṭhīyati
vattamānā
standing is done; it is stood
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√hā + ya + ti)
hīyati
vattamānā
it is abandoned; it wanes
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√pā + ya + ti)
pīyati
vattamānā
it is drunk
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√maha + ya + ti)
mahīyati
vattamānā
he is honoured
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√matha + ya + ti)
mathīyati
vattamānā
it is churned
√dā + ya + te (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
d + (ā→ī) + ya + te
§502
→
dīya + (te→ti)
§518
→
dīyati
√maha + ya + te (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
mah + (a→ī) + ya + te
§502
→
mahīya + (te→ti)
§518
→
mahīyati
evarūpaṃ bhojanaṃ dīyati (7D 10.5: Uttaramāṇavavatthu)
ekā pana gandhārapure mahīyati (7D 3.40: Dhātuthūpapūjā)
na hīyati saccaparakkamo muni (15A3 1.4.10: Ādhipateyyasutta)
nidhi nāma nidhīyati (18Kh 8: Nidhikaṇḍasutta)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
yajassa ādissa
(ādeso)
i
(yapaccaye)
the initial [y] of the root yaja
(replaced by)
i(before the suffix ya)
Yaja iccetassa dhātussa ādissa ikārādeso hoti yapaccaye pare.
Ijjate mayā buddho.
The initial of the root yaja is replaced by i when the suffix ya follows.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√yaja + ya + te)
ijjate mayā buddho
vattamānā, attanopada
the Buddha is worshipped by me
ijjate mayā buddho
yaja + ya + te
rule
→
(y→i)aja + ya + te
§503
→
i + a + ja + ya + te
§13
→
ij + a + ya + te
§521
→
i + (j + ya → jja) + te
§441
→
ijjate
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
sabbato
uṃ
(ādeso)
iṃsu
after all roots
the ending uṃ
(replaced by)
iṃsu
Sabbehi dhātūhi uṃvibhattissa iṃsuādeso hoti.
Upasaṅkamiṃsu, nisīdiṃsu.
After all roots the ending uṃ is replaced by iṃsu.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
⏮🤟⨂(upa + saṃ + √kamu + uṃ)
upasaṅkamiṃsu
ajjatanī, parassapada
they approached
⏮🤟⨂(ni + √sada + uṃ)
nisīdiṃsu
ajjatanī, parassapada
they sat down
upa + saṃ + kamu + uṃ
rule
→
upasaṃkam + u + uṃ
§521
→
upasaṃkam + (uṃ→iṃsu)
§504
→
upasa(ṃ→ṅ)kamiṃsu
§31
→
upasaṅkamiṃsu
ni + sada + uṃ
rule
→
nisad + a + uṃ
§521
→
nis(a→ī)d + uṃ
§517
→
nisīd + (uṃ→iṃsu)
§504
→
nisīdiṃsu
ekāheneva bandhumatiṃ rājadhāniṃ upasaṅkamiṃsu (7D 1.16: Cārikāanujānana)
bhagavantaṃ abhivādetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu (1V 1.1.4: Catutthapārājikasikkhāpada)
uṃ stands unchanged in agamuṃ (§419), avocuṃ (§477), akāsuṃ, akaruṃ (§491) and agacchuṃ, ahesuṃ (§517):
tāva mahantā puñjā ahesuṃ (1V 1.1.1.1: Sudinnabhāṇavāra)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
vā
jaramarānaṃ
(ādesā)
jīra|jīyya|mīyyā
optionally
the roots jara and mara
(replaced by)
jīra|jīyya|mīyya
The heading follows the CST’s sutta list and the Rūpasiddhi in spelling jīyya, mīyya; the CST’s vutti section prints jiyya, miyya, and the vutti is quoted as printed.7
The vutti carries the vā into §506 (496): Sabbatthā’sassādilopo ca to §512, whose suttas lack it.
Jara mara iccetesaṃ dhātūnaṃ jīra jiyya miyyādesā honti vā.
Jīrati, jīranti, jiyyati, jiyyanti, miyyati, miyyanti, marati, maranti.
Optionally, the roots jara and mara are replaced by jīra, jiyya and miyya.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√jara + a + ti)
jīrati
vattamānā, parassapada
grows old, wears out
▶️🤟⨂(√jara + a + anti)
jīranti
vattamānā, parassapada
they grow old
▶️🤟⨀(√jara + a + ti)
jiyyati
vattamānā, parassapada
grows old, decays
▶️🤟⨂(√jara + a + anti)
jiyyanti
vattamānā, parassapada
they decay
▶️🤟⨀(√mara + a + ti)
miyyati
vattamānā, parassapada
dies
▶️🤟⨂(√mara + a + anti)
miyyanti
vattamānā, parassapada
they die
▶️🤟⨀(√mara + a + ti)
marati
vattamānā, parassapada
dies (option not taken)
▶️🤟⨂(√mara + a + anti)
maranti
vattamānā, parassapada
they die (option not taken)
jara + a + ti
rule
→
(jara→jīra) + a + ti
§505
→
jīr + a + a + ti
§521
→
jīrati
jara + a + ti
rule
→
(jara→jiyya) + a + ti
§505
→
jiyy + a + a + ti
§521
→
jiyyati
mara + a + ti
rule
→
(mara→miyya) + a + ti
§505
→
miyy + a + a + ti
§521
→
miyyati
kaṇṇo jīrati (3V 8.14: Cīvararajanakathā)
appaṃ vata jīvitaṃ idaṃ, oraṃ vassasatāpi miyyati (18Sn 4.6: Jarāsutta)
yo evaṃ marati so dhanaṃ vā labhati (1V 1.1.3: Tatiyapārājikasikkhāpada)
jāyati ca jīyati ca mīyati ca cavati ca upapajjati ca (7D 1.11: Bodhisattaabhinivesa)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
ca (vā)
asassa ādi
lopo
asabbattha
and (optionally)
the initial [a] of the root asa
elision
aeverywhere — before all endings and suffixes
Sabbattha vibhattipaccayesu asa iccetassa dhātussa ādissa lopo hoti vā.
Siyā, santi, sante8
Vāti kimatthaṃ? Asi.
Everywhere, before endings and suffixes, the initial of the root asa is optionally elided.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
⏯🤟⨀(√asa + a + eyya)
siyā
sattamī, parassapada
there may be, it might be
▶️🤟⨂(√asa + a + anti)
santi
vattamānā, parassapada
they are, there are
🚹⑦⨀(√asa + anta)
sante
suffix anta (§565), ⑦⨀
when there is, [something] being
🚹①⨀(√asa + māna)
samāno
suffix māna (§565), ①⨀
being, one who is
asa + a + eyya
rule
→
as + a + a + eyya
§521
→
as + a + eyya
§510
→
as + eyya§506
→
s + (eyya→iyā)
§517
→
siyā
asa + a + anti
rule
→
as + a + a + anti
§521
→
as + a + anti
§510
→
as + anti§506
→
santi
asa + a + māna
rule
→
as + a + a + māna
§521
→
as + a + māna§506
→
samāna + si
§601, §55
→
samāna + (si→o)
§104
→
samāno
santi, bhante, samaṇabrāhmaṇā lajjino kukkuccakā sikkhākāmā (1V 1.1.2: Dutiyapārājikasikkhāpada)
sante patirūpe gāhake dātabbaṃ (3V 8.28: Vassaṃvuṭṭhānaṃanuppannacīvarakathā)
suddhadiṭṭhi samāno (1V 1.2.8: Duṭṭhadosasikkhāpada)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
(vā)
(asassa)
(ādeso)
bhū
asabbadhātuke
(optionally)
(the whole root asa)
(replaced by)
bhūbefore an asabbadhātuka ending
Asasseva dhātussa bhūhoti vā asabbadhātuke.
Bhavissati. Bhavissanti.
Vāti kimatthaṃ? Āsuṃ.
Optionally, the root asa alone becomes bhū before an asabbadhātuka ending.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
⏯🤟⨀(√asa + ssati)
bhavissati
bhavissantī, parassapada
will be
⏯🤟⨂(√asa + ssanti)
bhavissanti
bhavissantī, parassapada
they will be
asa + ssati
rule
→
(asa→bhū) + ssati
§507
→
bhū + (i) + ssati
§516
→
bh(ū→o) + i + ssati
§485
→
bh(o→ava) + i + ssati
§513
→
bhav + (a + i) + ssati
§83
→
bhavissati
idheva me maraṇaṃ bhavissati pabbajjā vā (1V 1.1.1.1: Sudinnabhāṇavāra)
Eyyassa vibhattissa ñā iccetāya dhātuyā parassa iyā ñā ādesā honti vā.
Jāniyā, jaññā.
Vāti kimatthaṃ? Jāneyya.
Optionally, the ending eyya after the root ñā is replaced by iyā and ñā.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
⏯🤟⨀(√ñā + nā + eyya)
jāniyā
sattamī, parassapada
he may know, should understand
⏯🤟⨀(√ñā + nā + eyya)
jaññā
sattamī, parassapada
he may know, should understand
ñā + nā + eyya
rule
→
(ñā→jā) + nā + eyya
§470
→
jā + nā + (eyya→iyā)
§508
→
jā + n + ā + iyā
§83
→
jāniyā
ñā + nā + eyya
rule
→
(ñā→jaṃ) + nā + eyya
§470
→
jaṃ + nā + eyya
§509
→
jaṃ + (eyya→ñā)
§508
→
ja(ṃ→ñ) + ñā
§31
→
jaññā
kaṇhavāranayeneva, sukkavāraṃ vijāniyā (4V 1.7.6: Paṭippassambhetabbatecattālīsaka)
yaṃ jaññā— sakkomi ajjeva gantunti (3V 2.37: Gantabbavāra)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
(vā)
(ñāto)
nāssa
lopo|yakārattaṃ
nā|ya
(optionally)
(after the root ñā)
the suffix nā
elision|becoming the letter ya
nāya
Ñā iccetāya dhātuyā parassa nāpaccayassa lopo hoti vā, yakārattañca.
Jaññā, nāyati.
Vāti kimatthaṃ? Jānāti.
Optionally, the suffix nā after the root ñā is elided, and it becomes the letter ya.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
⏯🤟⨀(√ñā + nā + eyya)
jaññā
sattamī, parassapada
he may know
▶️🤟⨀(√ñā + nā + ti)
nāyati
vattamānā, parassapada
he knows; it is known, is evident
ñā + nā + eyya
rule
→
(ñā→jaṃ) + nā + eyya
§470
→
jaṃ + nā + eyya
§509
→
jaṃ + (eyya→ñā)
§508
→
ja(ṃ→ñ) + ñā
§31
→
jaññā
ñā + nā + ti
rule
→
(ñā→nā) + nā + ti
§470
→
nā + (nā→ya) + ti
§509
→
nāyati
tesaṃ sabhāgadhammānaṃ, nāmamattaṃ na nāyati (5V 3.1: Samuṭṭhānassuddāna)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
ca (vā)
akāro
lopaṃ|ettaṃ
a|e
and (optionally)
the suffix a
elision|becoming e
ae
Akārapaccayo lopamāpajjate, ettañca hoti vā.
Vajjemi, vademi, vajjāmi, vadāmi.
The suffix a undergoes elision, and optionally becomes e.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️👆⨀(√vada + a + mi)
vajjemi
vattamānā, parassapada
I say
▶️👆⨀(√vada + a + mi)
vademi
vattamānā, parassapada
I say
▶️👆⨀(√vada + a + mi)
vajjāmi
vattamānā, parassapada
I say (option not taken, §478)
▶️👆⨀(√vada + a + mi)
vadāmi
vattamānā, parassapada
I say (option not taken, §478)
vada + a + mi
rule
→
(vada→vajja) + a + mi
§500
→
vajj + a + a + mi
§521
→
vajj + (a→e) + mi
§510
→
vajjemi
vada + a + mi
rule
→
vad + a + a + mi
§521
→
vad + (a→e) + mi
§510
→
vademi
√vada + a + mi (vattamānā 👆⨀)
rule
→
vada + a + mi
§510
→
vad + (a→ā) + mi
§478
→
vadāmi
ahaṃ, bhante, tā devatā evaṃ vademi (17A8 1.3.2: Dutiyauggasutta)
tīhi kho ahaṃ, jīvaka, ṭhānehi maṃsaṃ aparibhoganti vadāmi (10M 1.5: Jīvakasutta)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
(vā)
okāro
uttaṃ
u
(optionally)
the suffix o
becoming u
u
Okārapaccayo uttamāpajjate vā.
Kurute, karoti.
Okāroti kimatthaṃ? Hoti.
Optionally, the suffix o becomes u.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√kara + o + te)
kurute
vattamānā, attanopada
he does, makes [for himself]
▶️🤟⨀(√kara + o + ti)
karoti
vattamānā, parassapada
he does, makes (option not taken)
kara + o + te
rule
→
kar + a + o + te
§521
→
kar + (o→u) + te
§511
→
k(a→u)r + u + te
§512
→
kurute
kara + o + ti
rule
→
kar + a + o + ti
§521
→
karoti
ubho puññañca pāpañca, yaṃ macco kurute idha (12S1 3.1.4: Piyasutta)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
ca (vā)
karassa akāro
(uttaṃ)
(u)
and (optionally)
the a of the root kara
(becoming u)
(u)
Kara iccetassa dhātussa akāro uttamāpajjate vā.
Kurute, karoti10 11
Karasseti kimatthaṃ? Sarati, marati.
Optionally, the a of the root kara becomes u.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√kara + o + te)
kurute
vattamānā, attanopada
he does [for himself]
▶️🤟⨀(√kara + o + ti)
karoti
vattamānā, parassapada
he does (option not taken)
▶️🤟⨂(√kara + o + anti)
kubbanti
vattamānā, parassapada
they do
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√kara + yira + ti)
kayirati
vattamānā, parassapada
is done, is made (option not taken)
√kara + o + anti (vattamānā 🤟⨂)
rule
→
kar + a + o + anti
§521
→
kar + (o→u) + anti
§511
→
k + (a→u) + r + u + anti
§512
→
kur + (u→v) + anti
§71
→
ku + r + v + anti
§517
→
ku + (v→vv) + anti
§28
→
ku + (vv→bb) + anti
§20
→
kubbanti
kara + yira + ti
rule
→
kar + a + yira + ti
§521
→
ka + r + yira + ti
§517
→
kayirati
evañhi dhīrā kubbanti, nāvakaṅkhanti jīvitaṃ (12S1 4.3.3: Godhikasutta)
kuṭi kira me kayirati adesitavatthukā (1V 1.2.6: Kuṭikārasikkhāpada)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
o (dhātvantassa)
(ādeso)
ava
sare
a root-final o
(replaced by)
avabefore a vowel
Okārassa dhātvantassa sare pare avādeso hoti.
Cavati. Bhavati.
Oti kimatthaṃ? Jayati.
A root-final o is replaced by ava when a vowel follows.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√cu + a + ti)
cavati
vattamānā, parassapada
falls away, passes away
▶️🤟⨀(√bhū + a + ti)
bhavati
vattamānā, parassapada
is, becomes
cu + a + ti
rule
→
c(u→o) + a + ti
§485
→
c(o→av) + a + ti
§513
→
cavati
√bhū + a + ti (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
bh(ū→o) + a + ti
§485
→
bh(o→ava) + a + ti
§513
→
bhav + (a + a) + ti
§83
→
bhavati
jāyati ca jīyati ca mīyati ca cavati ca upapajjati ca (7D 1.11: Bodhisattaabhinivesa)
ji ends, after vuddhi, in e, not o, and takes the aya of §514 (491): E aya .
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√ji + a + ti)
jayati
vattamānā, parassapada
conquers
ji + a + ti
rule
→
j(i→e) + a + ti
§485
→
j(e→aya) + a + ti
§514
→
jay + (a + a) + ti
§83
→
jayati
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
e (dhātvantassa)
(ādeso)
aya
(sare)
a root-final e
(replaced by)
aya(before a vowel)
Ekārassa dhātvantassa sare pare ayādeso hoti.
Nayati, jayati.
A root-final e is replaced by aya when a vowel follows.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√nī + a + ti)
nayati
vattamānā, parassapada
leads, guides
▶️🤟⨀(√ji + a + ti)
jayati
vattamānā, parassapada
conquers
√nī + a + ti
rule
→
n(ī→e) + a + ti
§485
→
n(e→aya) + a + ti
§514
→
nay + (a + a) + ti
§83
→
nayati
ji + a + ti
rule
→
j(i→e) + a + ti
§485
→
j(e→aya) + a + ti
§514
→
jay + (a + a) + ti
§83
→
jayati
anayaṃ nayati dummedho, adhurāyaṃ niyuñjati (22J 13.1.7: Akittijātaka)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
te (o e)
(ādese pāpuṇanti)
āva|āyā
kārite
those two, the root-final o and e
(take the replacements)
āva|āyain the causative
Te o e iccete āva āyādese pāpuṇanti kārite.
Lāveti, nāyeti.
Yogavibhāgena aññasmimpi ekārassa āyādeso hoti.
Gāyati, gāyanti.
Those two, o and e, take the replacements āva and āya before a kārita suffix.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√lū + ṇe + ti)
lāveti
vattamānā, parassapada, causative
has [something] cut, reaped
▶️🤟⨀(√nī + ṇe + ti)
nāyeti
vattamānā, parassapada, causative
has [someone] led
lū + ṇe + ti
rule
→
lū + ṇe + ti
§523
→
l(ū→o) + e + ti
§483
→
l(o→āva) + e + ti
§515
→
lāv + (a + e) + ti
§83
→
lāveti
nī + ṇe + ti
rule
→
nī + ṇe + ti
§523
→
n(ī→e) + e + ti
§483
→
n(e→āya) + e + ti
§515
→
nāy + (a + e) + ti
§83
→
nāyeti
By splitting the rule (yogavibhāga), the letter e has the replacement āya elsewhere too.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√ge + a + ti)
gāyati
vattamānā, parassapada
sings
▶️🤟⨂(√ge + a + anti)
gāyanti
vattamānā, parassapada
they sing
ge + a + ti
rule
→
g(e→āy) + a + ti
§515
→
gāyati
naccantipi gāyantipi vādentipi lāsentipi (1V 1.2.13: Kuladūsakasikkhāpada)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
ikārāgamo
i
asabbadhātukamhi
augment
ibefore an asabbadhātuka ending
Sabbasmiṃ asabbadhātukamhi ikārāgamo hoti.
Gamissati, karissati, labhissati, pacissati.
Asabbadhātukamhīti kimatthaṃ? Gacchati, karoti, labhati, pacati.
Before every asabbadhātuka ending the augment i is inserted.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
⏯🤟⨀(√gamu + ssati)
gamissati
bhavissantī, parassapada
will go
⏯🤟⨀(√kara + ssati)
karissati
bhavissantī, parassapada
will do
⏯🤟⨀(√labha + ssati)
labhissati
bhavissantī, parassapada
will get
⏯🤟⨀(√paca + ssati)
pacissati
bhavissantī, parassapada
will cook
gamu + ssati
rule
→
gam + u + ssati
§521
→
gam + (i) + ssati
§516
→
gamissati
kara + ssati (bhavissantī 🤟⨀)
rule
→
kar + (a) + ssati
§521
→
kar + (i) + ssati
§516
→
karissati
kilanto addhānaṃ gamissati (3V 8.18: Visākhāvatthu)
tatthevimaṃ paṭinetha, yattha kolaṃ pacissati (22J 4.1.6: Sujātājātaka)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
kvaci … ca
dhātuvibhattippaccayānaṃ
dīgha|viparīta|ādesa|lopa|āgamā
(jinavacanānurūpaṃ)
sometimes, and
of roots, endings and suffixes
lengthening|transposition|replacement|elision|augment
(in conformity with the Buddha’s word)
The heading follows the CST’s sutta list and the Rūpasiddhi, dhātuvibhattippaccayānaṃ; the CST’s vutti section prints dhātuvibhattipaccayānaṃ, and the vutti is quoted as printed.
The vutti carries the kvaci into §518 (446): Attanopadāni parassapadattaṃ to §521, whose suttas lack it.
Idha ākhyāte aniddiṭṭhesu sādhanesu14
Jāyati15 16 17
Here in the verb [chapter], for derivations that have not been taught, these operations — lengthening (dīgha), metathesis (viparītaādesalopaāgama
Jāyati and the rest, and other derivations too, are to be applied.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√jana + ya + ti)
jāyati
vattamānā, parassapada
is born, arises
⏯🤟⨀(√kara + o + eyya)
kareyya
sattamī, parassapada
he would do
⏯🤟⨀(√ñā + nā + eyya)
jāniyā
sattamī, parassapada
he may know
⏯🤟⨀(√asa + a + eyya)
siyā
sattamī, parassapada
there may be
⏯🤟⨀(√kara + o + eyya)
kare
sattamī, parassapada
he would do
⏯🤟⨀(√gamu + a + eyya)
gacche
sattamī, parassapada
he would go
⏯🤟⨀(√ñā + nā + eyya)
jaññā
sattamī, parassapada
he may know
⏯🤘⨂(√vaca + ssatha)
vakkhetha
bhavissantī, parassapada
you will say
⏯🤘⨂(√disa + ssatha)
dakkhetha
bhavissantī, parassapada
you will see
▶️🤟⨀(√dā + sa + ti)
dicchati
vattamānā, parassapada
wishes to give, gives freely
⏮🤟⨀(√gamu + ī)
agacchi
ajjatanī, parassapada
he went
⏮🤟⨂(√gamu + uṃ)
agacchuṃ
ajjatanī, parassapada
they went
⏮🤟⨀(√hū + ī)
ahosi
ajjatanī, parassapada
he was
⏮🤟⨂(√hū + uṃ)
ahesuṃ
ajjatanī, parassapada
they were
kara + o + eyya
rule
→
kar + a + o + eyya
§521
→
kar + o + eyya
§517
→
kareyya
gamu + a + eyya
rule
→
gam + u + a + eyya
§521
→
ga(m→cch) + a + eyya
§476
→
gacch + a + eyya
§510
→
gacch + (eyya→e)
§517
→
gacche
√hū + ī (ajjatanī 🤟⨀)
rule
→
(a) + hū + ī
§519
→
ahū + (s) + ī
§491
→
ah(ū→o) + s + ī
§485
→
ahos + (ī→i)
§517
→
ahosi
yo kareyya, āpatti dukkaṭassa (1V 1.1.2: Dutiyapārājikasikkhāpada)
yassa saṃgho kare kammaṃ (3V 9.36: Appaṭinissaggeukkhepanīyakammapaṭippassaddhikathā)
etehi tīhi ṭhānehi, gacche devāna santike (18Dh 17.4: Mahāmoggallānapañhavatthu)
api cāpi so purimadisaṃ agacchi (22J 15.1.1: Mātaṅgajātaka)
sudinno kalandaputto tuṇhī ahosi (1V 1.1.1.1: Sudinnabhāṇavāra)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
(kvaci)
attanopadāni
(āpajjante)
parassapadattaṃ
(sometimes)
the attanopada endings
(take on)
the form of the parassapada
Attanopadāni kvaci parassapadattamāpajjante.
Vuccati, labbhati, paccati.
Kvacīti kimatthaṃ? Karīyate, labbhate, paccate.
Sometimes the attanopada endings take on the form of the parassapada.18
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√vaca + ya + te)
vuccati
vattamānā, attanopada → parassapada
is said, is called
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√labha + ya + te)
labbhati
vattamānā, attanopada → parassapada
is obtained
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√paca + ya + te)
paccati
vattamānā, attanopada → parassapada
is cooked, is tormented
√vaca + ya + te (vattamānā 🤟⨀)
rule
→
vac + a + ya + te
§521
→
(va→u)c + ya + te
§487
→
u + (c + ya → cc) + a + te
§441
→
(v) + ucca + te
§35
→
vucca + (te→ti)
§518
→
vuccati
√labha + ya + te (vattamānā 🤟⨀, passive)
rule
→
labh + a + ya + te
§521
→
labh + (ya→bha) + te
§443
→
la(bh→b)bha + te
§517
→
labbha + (te→ti)
§518
→
labbhati
paca + ya + te
rule
→
paca + ya + (te→ti)
§518
→
pac + a + ya + ti
§521
→
pa(c + ya → cc) + ti
§441
→
paccati
ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, puggalo attantapo (10M 1.1: Kandarakasutta)
kappaṃ nirayamhi paccati (4V 7.2.6: Pañcavatthuyācanakathā)
When the option is not taken, the attanopada endings of §453 (444): Attanopadāni bhāve ca kammani stand: karīyate, labbhate, paccate.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√kara + ya + te)
karīyate
vattamānā, attanopada
is done
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√labha + ya + te)
labbhate
vattamānā, attanopada
is obtained
🔵▶️🤟⨀(√paca + ya + te)
paccate
vattamānā, attanopada
is cooked
kassa sāsanamāgamma, labbhate taṃ asokatā (19Th1 16.1.1: Adhimuttattheragāthā)
Kvaci akārāgamo hoti hiyyattanī ajjatanīkālātipatti iccetāsu vibhattīsu.
Agamā, agamī, agamissā.
Kvacīti kimatthaṃ? Gamā, gamī, gamissā.
Sometimes the augment a is added before the endings of the hiyyattanī, the ajjatanī and the kālātipatti.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
⏮🤟⨀(√gamu + a + ā)
agamā
hiyyattanī, parassapada
he went
⏮🤟⨀(√gamu + ī)
agamī
ajjatanī, parassapada
he went
⏮🤟⨀(√gamu + ssā)
agamissā
kālātipatti, parassapada
he would have gone
gamu + ā (hiyyattanī 🤟⨀)
rule
→
gam + (u) + ā
§521
→
gam + (a) + ā
§445
→
gam + (a + ā)
§510
→
(a) + gamā
§519
→
agamā
gamu + ī (ajjatanī 🤟⨀)
rule
→
gam + (u) + ī
§521
→
(a) + gamī
§519
→
agamī
gamu + ssā
rule
→
gam + u + ssā
§521
→
gam + (i) + ssā
§516
→
(a) + gamissā
§519
→
agamissā
vesāliṃ agamā muni (4V 5.1: Khuddakavatthu)
agamī buddhavarassa santikaṃ (19Th2 14.1: Subhājīvakambavanikātherīgāthā)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
(kvaci)
brūto
(īkār)āgamo
ī
timhi
(sometimes)
after the root brū
augment
ībefore the ending ti
Brū iccetāya dhātuyā īkārāgamo hoti timhi vibhattimhi.
Bravīti.
After the root brū the augment ī is inserted when the ending ti follows.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√brū + a + ti)
bravīti
vattamānā, parassapada
he says
brū + a + ti
rule
→
brū + a + (ī) + ti
§520
→
br(ū→o) + a + ī + ti
§485
→
br(o→av) + a + ī + ti
§513
→
brav + a + ī + ti
§510
→
bravīti
adhiṭṭhānoti tamoti bhagavā bravīti (27Pe 7.2: Hārasampātabhūmi)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
(kvaci)
dhātussa anto
lopo
antoanekasarassa
(sometimes)
the final [vowel] of a root
elision
finalof a root with more than one vowel
Dhātussa anto kvaci lopo hoti anekasarassa.
Gacchati, sarati, marati.
Anekasarasseti kimatthaṃ? Pāti, yāti, vāti.
Kvacīti kimatthaṃ? Mahīyati, mathīyati.
Sometimes the final19 20
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√gamu + a + ti)
gacchati
vattamānā, parassapada
he goes
▶️🤟⨀(√sara + a + ti)
sarati
vattamānā, parassapada
he remembers
▶️🤟⨀(√mara + a + ti)
marati
vattamānā, parassapada
he dies
gamu + a + ti
rule
→
gam + u + a + ti
§521
→
ga(m→cch) + a + ti
§476
→
gacchati
sara + a + ti
rule
→
sar + a + a + ti
§521
→
sarati
yaṃ kālaṃ sarati, taṃ kālaṃ ārocetuṃ (3V 2.17: Pakkhagaṇanādiuggahaṇānujānana)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
vā
isuyamūnaṃ anto
(ādeso)
ccho
optionally
the final [consonant] of the roots isu and yamu
(replaced by)
ccha
Isu yamu iccetesaṃ dhātūnaṃ anto ccho hoti vā.
Icchati, niyacchati.
Vāti kimatthaṃ? Esati, niyamati.
Optionally, the final of the roots isu and yamu becomes ccha.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√isu + a + ti)
icchati
vattamānā, parassapada
he wishes
▶️🤟⨀(ni + √yamu + a + ti)
niyacchati
vattamānā, parassapada
he restrains, controls
isu + a + ti
rule
→
is + u + a + ti
§521
→
i(s→cch) + a + ti
§522
→
icchati
ni + yamu + a + ti
rule
→
niyam + u + a + ti
§521
→
niya(m→cch) + a + ti
§522
→
niyacchati
ayyā icchati tekaṭulayāguṃ pātuṃ (1V 1.1.2.2: Vinītavatthu)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
kāritānaṃ ṇo
lopaṃ
ṇ
the ṇ of the kārita suffixes
elision
ṇ
Kāritaiccetesaṃ paccayānaṃ ṇo lopamāpajjate.
Kāreti, kārayati, kārāpeti, kārāpayati.
Sāsanatthaṃ samuddiṭṭhaṃ, mayākhyātaṃ samāsato;
The ṇ of the kārita (causative) suffixes undergoes elision.
lemma
inflected
vibhatti
meaning
▶️🤟⨀(√kara + ṇe + ti)
kāreti
vattamānā, parassapada, causative
he has [it] done, makes [someone] do
▶️🤟⨀(√kara + ṇaya + ti)
kārayati
vattamānā, parassapada, causative
he has [it] done
▶️🤟⨀(√kara + ṇāpe + ti)
kārāpeti
vattamānā, parassapada, causative
he has [it] done
▶️🤟⨀(√kara + ṇāpaya + ti)
kārāpayati
vattamānā, parassapada, causative
he has [it] done
kara + ṇe + ti
rule
→
kar + a + ṇe + ti
§521
→
kar + ṇe + ti
§523
→
k + (a→ā) + reti
§483
→
kāreti
kara + ṇāpe + ti
rule
→
kar + a + ṇāpe + ti
§521
→
kar + ṇāpe + ti
§523
→
k + (a→ā) + r + āpe + ti
§483
→
kārāpeti
māturakkhitā nāma mātā rakkhati gopeti issariyaṃ kāreti vasaṃ vatteti (1V 1.2.5: Sañcarittasikkhāpada)
āvāhānipi kārāpeti, vivāhānipi kārāpeti (1V 1.2.5: Sañcarittasikkhāpada)
The verse with which the vutti closes the chapter:
Sāsanatthaṃ samuddiṭṭhaṃ, mayākhyātaṃ samāsato;
For the sake of the Teaching, the verb has been set out by me in brief; 21
Iti ākhyātakappe catuttho kaṇḍo.
Thus ends the fourth section of the verb chapter.
Ākhyātakappo niṭṭhito.
The verb chapter is finished.
