option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
tvādayo
(saññā honti)
vibhattisaññāyo
to and the following suffixes(are given the name)
vibhatti (inflection)
Toādi yesaṃ paccayānaṃ, te honti tvādayo.
Te paccayā tvādayo vibhattisaññāva daṭṭhabbā.
Sabbato, yato, tato, kuto, ato, ito, sabbadā, yadā, tadā, kadā, idha, idāni.
Those suffixes (paccaya) of which to is the first are tvādayo (“to and the rest”). These suffixes, to and the rest, are to be regarded as bearing the very name vibhatti (inflection).
lemma
inflected
meaning
⚧️⑤⨀(sabba + to)
sabbato
from all, on every side (§248)
⚧️⑤⨀(ya + to)
yato
from which, whence (§248)
⚧️⑤⨀(ta + to)
tato
from that, thence (§248)
⚧️⑤⨀(kiṃ + to)
kuto
from where? (§248)
⚧️⑤⨀(eta + to)
ato
from this (§248)
⚧️⑤⨀(ima + to)
ito
from here (§248)
⚧️⑦⨀(sabba + dā)
sabbadā
always (§257)
⚧️⑦⨀(ya + dā)
yadā
when (§257)
⚧️⑦⨀(ta + dā)
tadā
then (§258)
⚧️⑦⨀(kiṃ + dā)
kadā
when? (§257)
⚧️⑦⨀(ima + dha)
idha
here (§254)
⚧️⑦⨀(ima + dāni)
idāni
now (§259)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
kvaci
(liṅgato)
(smā)
(paccayo hoti)
to
pañcamyatthe
sometimes
(after a lemma)
(the ⑤ inflection)
(the suffix is added in place of)
toin the sense of ⑤
Kvaci topaccayo hoti pañcamyatthe.
Sabbato, yato, tato, kuto, ato, ito.
Kvacīti kimatthaṃ?
Sabbasmā, imasmā.
Sometimes the suffix to is used in the sense of the fifth form ⑤.
lemma
inflected
meaning
⚧️⑤⨀(sabba + to)
sabbato
from all, on every side
⚧️⑤⨀(ya + to)
yato
from which, whence
⚧️⑤⨀(ta + to)
tato
from that, thence
⚧️⑤⨀(kiṃ + to)
kuto
from where?
⚧️⑤⨀(eta + to)
ato
from this
⚧️⑤⨀(ima + to)
ito
from here
kiṃ + to
rule
→
(kiṃ→ku) + to
§230
→
kuto
eta + to
rule
→
(eta→a) + to
§231
→
ato
ima + to
rule
→
(ima→i) + to
§234
→
ito
viññāṇaṃ anidassanaṃ anantaṃ sabbato pabhaṃ (9M 5.9: Brahmanimantanikasutta)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
sabbanāmehi
(smiṃ)
(paccayā honti)
tratha
sattamiyā
after pronouns
(the ⑦ inflection)
(suffixes added in place of)
tra, thain the sense of ⑦
Trathaiccete paccayā honti sattamyatthe sabba nāmehi.
Sabbatra, sabbattha, yatra, yattha, tatra, tattha.
The suffixes tra and tha are used after pronouns in the sense of the seventh form ⑦.
lemma
inflected
meaning
⚧️⑦⨀(sabba + tra)
sabbatra
everywhere
⚧️⑦⨀(sabba + tha)
sabbattha
everywhere, in every case
⚧️⑦⨀(ya + tra)
yatra
where, in which case
⚧️⑦⨀(ya + tha)
yattha
where, wherever
⚧️⑦⨀(ta + tra)
tatra
there
⚧️⑦⨀(ta + tha)
tattha
there, in that case
sabba + tha
rule
→
sabba + (t) + tha
§28
→
sabbattha
tatra sudaṃ āyasmā sudinno vesāliyaṃ viharati (1V 1.1.1.1: Sudinnabhāṇavāra)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
(kvaci)
sabbato
(smiṃ)
(paccayo hoti)
dhi
(sattamyatthe)
(sometimes)
after sabba
(the ⑦ inflection)
(suffix added in place of)
dhi(in the sense of ⑦)
Sabbaiccetasmā dhipaccayo hoti kvaci sattamyatthe.
Sabbadhi, sabbasmiṃ.
After sabba the suffix dhi is sometimes used in the sense of the seventh form ⑦.
lemma
inflected
meaning
⚧️⑦⨀(sabba + dhi)
sabbadhi
everywhere, in every respect
sucetaso sabbadhi vippamutto (12S1 1.1.9: Mānakāmasutta)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
kiṃsmā
(smiṃ)
(paccayo hoti)
vo
(sattamyatthe)
after kiṃ
(the ⑦ inflection)
(suffix added in place of)
va(in the sense of ⑦)
Kimiccetasmā vapaccayo hoti sattamyatthe.
Kva gatosi tvaṃ1
After kiṃ the suffix va is used in the sense of the seventh form ⑦.2
kva gatosi tvaṃ devānaṃpiyatissa
kiṃ + va
rule
→
(kiṃ→ka) + va
§227
→
k + (a + va)
§404
→
kva
tvaṃ pana, bhante, kva ahosi (7D 3.25: Pukkusamallaputtavatthu)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
(kiṃsmā)
(smiṃ)
(paccayā honti)
hiṃ haṃ hiñcanaṃ
(sattamyatthe)
(after kiṃ)
(the ⑦ inflection)
(suffixes added in place of)
hiṃ, haṃ, hiñcanaṃ(in the sense of ⑦)
Kimiccetasmā hiṃhaṃhiñcanaṃiccete paccayā honti sattamyatthe.
Kuhiṃ, kuhaṃ3
After kiṃ the suffixes hiṃ, haṃ and hiñcanaṃ are used in the sense of the seventh form ⑦.
lemma
inflected
meaning
⚧️⑦⨀(kiṃ + hiṃ)
kuhiṃ
where?
⚧️⑦⨀(kiṃ + haṃ)
kuhaṃ
where?
⚧️⑦⨀(kiṃ + hiñcanaṃ)
kuhiñcanaṃ
anywhere (not attested in the Tipiṭaka, which has kuhiñci)
kiṃ + hiṃ
rule
→
(kiṃ→ku) + hiṃ
§228
→
kuhiṃ
rattiṃ kuhiṃ gacchasi kissa hetu (19Pv 2.8: Cūḷaseṭṭhipetavatthu)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
ca
tamhā
(smiṃ)
(paccayā honti)
(hiṃ haṃ)
(sattamyatthe)
and
after ta
(the ⑦ inflection)
(suffixes added in place of)
(hiṃ, haṃ)
(in the sense of ⑦)
Tamhā ca hiṃ4
Tahiṃ, tahaṃ.
Caggahaṇaṃ hiñcanaggahaṇanivattanatthaṃ.
And after ta the suffixes hiṃ and haṃ are used in the sense of the seventh form ⑦.
lemma
inflected
meaning
⚧️⑦⨀(ta + hiṃ)
tahiṃ
there
⚧️⑦⨀(ta + haṃ)
tahaṃ
there
santhatāni tahaṃ tahaṃ ujjhitāni (1V 1.4.2.5: Nisīdanasanthatasikkhāpada)
The word ca is for turning back (nivattana) the word hiñcanaṃ.
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
ca
imasmā
(smiṃ)
(paccayā honti)
hadhā
(sattamyatthe)
and
after ima
(the ⑦ inflection)
(suffixes added in place of)
ha, dha(in the sense of ⑦)
Imasmā hadhaiccete paccayā honti sattamyatthe.
Iha, idha.
Caggahaṇamavadhāraṇatthaṃ.
After ima the suffixes ha and dha are used in the sense of the seventh form ⑦.
lemma
inflected
meaning
⚧️⑦⨀(ima + ha)
iha
here
⚧️⑦⨀(ima + dha)
idha
here
ima + dha
rule
→
(ima→i) + dha
§234
→
idha
idha, bhikkhave, ekacco puggalo acelako hoti (10M 1.1: Kandarakasutta)
The word ca is for restriction (avadhāraṇa).
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
yato
(smiṃ)
(paccayo hoti)
hiṃ
(sattamyatthe)
after ya
(the ⑦ inflection)
(suffix added in place of)
hiṃ(in the sense of ⑦)
Tasmā yato hiṃpaccayo hoti sattamyatthe.
Yahiṃ.
After that ya the suffix hiṃ is used in the sense of the seventh form ⑦.
lemma
inflected
meaning
⚧️⑦⨀(ya + hiṃ)
yahiṃ
where, wherever
yattha vā brahmā yena vā brahmā yahiṃ vā brahmā (6D 11.4: Bhūtanirodhesakabhikkhuvatthu)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
(adhikāro)
kāle
(governing heading)
in [the sense of] time
‘‘Kāle’’iccetaṃ adhikāratthaṃ veditabbaṃ.
This [word] kāle is to be understood as having the sense of a governing rule (adhikāra5
§257 (276): Kiṃsabbaññekayakuhi dādācanaṃ (dā, dācanaṃ after kiṃ, sabba, añña, eka, ya, ku) apavada Section titled “§257 (276): Kiṃsabbaññekayakuhi dādācanaṃ (dā, dācanaṃ after kiṃ, sabba, añña, eka, ya, ku) apavada ”
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
kiṃsabbaññekayakuhi
(smiṃ)
(paccayā honti)
dādācanaṃ
(kāle sattamyatthe)
after kiṃ, sabba, añña, eka, ya, ku
(the ⑦ inflection)
(suffixes added in place of)
dā, dācanaṃ(in the sense of ⑦, of time)
Kiṃ sabbaañña eka ya kuiccetehi dā dācanaṃiccete paccayā honti kāle sattamyatthe.
Kadā, sabbadā, aññadā, ekadā, yadā, kudācanaṃ.
After kiṃ, sabba, añña, eka, ya and ku the suffixes dā and dācanaṃ are used in the sense of the seventh form ⑦, of time.
lemma
inflected
meaning
⚧️⑦⨀(kiṃ + dā)
kadā
when?
⚧️⑦⨀(sabba + dā)
sabbadā
always
⚧️⑦⨀(añña + dā)
aññadā
at another time (not attested in the Tipiṭaka)
⚧️⑦⨀(eka + dā)
ekadā
at one time, once
⚧️⑦⨀(ya + dā)
yadā
when
⚧️⑦⨀(kiṃ + dācanaṃ)
kudācanaṃ
at any time, ever
kiṃ + dā
rule
→
(kiṃ→ka) + dā
§227
→
kadā
kiṃ + dācanaṃ
rule
→
(kiṃ→ku) + dācanaṃ
§228
→
kudācanaṃ
kadā te adhigataṃ (1V 1.1.4: Catutthapārājikasikkhāpada)
sabbadā ve sukhaṃ seti, brāhmaṇo parinibbuto (4V 6.2.1: Anāthapiṇḍikavatthu)
manāpameva bhāseyya, nāmanāpaṃ kudācanaṃ (2V 1.5.1.2: Omasavādasikkhāpada)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
ca
tamhā
(smiṃ)
(paccayā honti)
dāni (dā)
(kāle sattamyatthe)
and
after ta
(the ⑦ inflection)
(suffixes added in place of)
dāni, (dā)(in the sense of ⑦, of time)
Taiccetasmā dāni dāiccete paccayā honti, kāle sattamyatthe.
Tadāni, tadā.
Caggahaṇamanukaḍḍhanatthaṃ.
After ta the suffixes dāni and dā are used in the sense of the seventh form ⑦, of time.
lemma
inflected
meaning
⚧️⑦⨀(ta + dāni)
tadāni
then, at that time (not attested in the Tipiṭaka)
⚧️⑦⨀(ta + dā)
tadā
then
yadā sakkosi tadā (1V 1.1.2: Dutiyapārājikasikkhāpada)
The word ca is for drawing along (anukaḍḍhana).
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
ca
imasmā
(smiṃ)
(paccayā honti)
rahi dhunā dāni
(kāle sattamyatthe)
and
after ima
(the ⑦ inflection)
(suffixes added in place of)
rahi, dhunā, dāni(in the sense of ⑦, of time)
Imasmā rahi dhunā dāniiccete paccayā honti kāle sattamyatthe.
Etarahi6
Caggahaṇamanukaḍḍhanatthaṃ.
After ima the suffixes rahi, dhunā and dāni are used in the sense of the seventh form ⑦, of time.
lemma
inflected
meaning
⚧️⑦⨀(ima + rahi)
etarahi
now, at present
⚧️⑦⨀(ima + dhunā)
adhunā
now, just now
⚧️⑦⨀(ima + dāni)
idāni
now
ima + rahi
rule
→
(ima→eta) + rahi
§236
→
etarahi
ima + dhunā
rule
→
(ima→a) + dhunā
§235
→
adhunā
ima + dāni
rule
→
(ima→i) + dāni
§234
→
idāni
etarahi kho vajjī dubbhikkhā (1V 1.1.1.1: Sudinnabhāṇavāra)
adhunā kālaṅkato (4V 7.1.2: Devadattavatthu)
The word ca is for drawing along (anukaḍḍhana).7
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
vā
sabbassa
(ādeso)
so
dāmhi
optionally
sabba(replaced by)
sabefore dā
Sabbaiccetassa sakārādeso hoti vā dāmhi paccaye pare.
Sadā, sabbadā.
Optionally, sabba is replaced by the letter sa when the suffix dā follows.
lemma
inflected
meaning
⚧️⑦⨀(sabba + dā)
sadā
always
⚧️⑦⨀(sabba + dā)
sabbadā
always (by §257, the option not taken)
sabba + dā
rule
→
(sabba→sa) + dā
§260
→
sadā
upasantassa sadā satīmato (2V 1.5.3.2: Atthaṅgatasikkhāpada)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
ca
avaṇṇo
lopaṃ (āpajjate)
avaṇṇoye
and
the a-vowel (a, ā)
elision
a|ābefore ya
Avaṇṇo ye paccaye pare lopamāpajjate.
Bāhussaccaṃ, paṇḍiccaṃ, vepullaṃ, kāruññaṃ, kosallaṃ, sāmaññaṃ, sohajjaṃ.
The a-vowel (a or ā) undergoes elision when the suffix ya follows.8
lemma
inflected
meaning
🚻①⨀(bahussuta + ṇya)
bāhussaccaṃ
great learning (the state of one who has heard much; spelt bāhusaccaṃ in the Tipiṭaka)
🚻①⨀(paṇḍita + ṇya)
paṇḍiccaṃ
learning, wisdom (the state of a paṇḍita)
🚻①⨀(vipula + ṇya)
vepullaṃ
abundance, full growth
🚻①⨀(karuṇā + ṇya)
kāruññaṃ
compassion
🚻①⨀(kusala + ṇya)
kosallaṃ
skill
🚻①⨀(samaṇa + ṇya)
sāmaññaṃ
the state of an ascetic
🚻①⨀(suhada + ṇya)
sohajjaṃ
friendship (the state of a suhada; not attested in the Tipiṭaka)
paṇḍita + ya
rule
→
paṇḍit + (a + ya)
§261
→
paṇḍi + (ty→c) + a
§269
→
paṇḍi + (c→cc) + a
§28
→
paṇḍicca + si
§601, §55
→
paṇḍicca + (si→aṃ)
§219
→
paṇḍiccaṃ
kusala + ya
rule
→
k + (u→o) + sala + ya
§400, §405
→
kosal + (a + ya)
§261
→
kosa + (ly→l) + a
§269
→
kosa + (l→ll) + a
§28
→
kosalla + si
§601, §55
→
kosalla + (si→aṃ)
§219
→
kosallaṃ
kiṃ paṇḍiccaṃ karissati (22J 4.4.6: Brahāchattajātaka)
vuḍḍhiṃ viruḷhiṃ vepullaṃ āpajjissanti (3V 1.15: Upajjhāyavattakathā)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
vuḍḍhassa (sabbassa)
(ādeso)
jo
iyiṭṭhesu
vuḍḍha (the whole word)(replaced by)
jabefore iya, iṭṭha
Sabbasseva vuḍḍhasaddassa joādeso hoti iya iṭṭhaiccetesu paccayesu.
Jeyyo, jeṭṭho.
The whole of the word vuḍḍha (“old”, “senior”) is replaced by ja when the suffixes iya and iṭṭha follow.
lemma
inflected
meaning
🚹①⨀(vuḍḍha + iya)
jeyyo
older, elder (not attested in the Tipiṭaka)
🚹①⨀(vuḍḍha + iṭṭha)
jeṭṭho
oldest, eldest; foremost
vuḍḍha + iya
rule
→
(vuḍḍha→ja) + iya
§262
→
j + (a + iya)
§12
→
j + (i→e) + ya
§14
→
je + (y) + ya
§28
→
jeyya + si
§601, §55
→
jeyya + (si→o)
§104
→
jeyyo
vuḍḍha + iṭṭha
rule
→
(vuḍḍha→ja) + iṭṭha
§262
→
j + (a + iṭṭha)
§12
→
j + (i→e) + ṭṭha
§14
→
jeṭṭha + si
§601, §55
→
jeṭṭha + (si→o)
§104
→
jeṭṭho
addasa kho, bhikkhave, jeṭṭho isi kaniṭṭhaṃ isiṃ (1V 1.2.6: Kuṭikārasikkhāpada)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
ca
pasatthassa (sabbassa)
(ādeso)
so (jo)
(iyiṭṭhesu)
and
pasattha (the whole word)(replaced by)
sa, (ja)(before iya, iṭṭha)
Sabbasseva pasatthasaddassa soādeso hoti, jādeso ca iyaiṭṭhaiccetesu paccayesu.
Seyyo, seṭṭho, jeyyo, jeṭṭho.
The whole of the word pasattha (“praised”, “excellent”) is replaced by sa, and also by ja, when the suffixes iya and iṭṭha follow.9
lemma
inflected
meaning
🚹①⨀(pasattha + iya)
seyyo
better
🚹①⨀(pasattha + iṭṭha)
seṭṭho
best, foremost
🚹①⨀(pasattha + iya)
jeyyo
better
🚹①⨀(pasattha + iṭṭha)
jeṭṭho
best
pasattha + iya
rule
→
(pasattha→sa) + iya
§263
→
s + (a + iya)
§12
→
s + (i→e) + ya
§14
→
se + (y) + ya
§28
→
seyya + si
§601, §55
→
seyya + (si→o)
§104
→
seyyo
mataṃ te jīvitā seyyo (1V 1.1.3: Tatiyapārājikasikkhāpada)
svāhaṃ, brāhmaṇa, jeṭṭho seṭṭho lokassa (1V Veranjakanda: Verañjakaṇḍa)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
antikassa (sabbassa)
(ādeso)
nedo
(iyiṭṭhesu)
antika (the whole word)(replaced by)
neda(before iya, iṭṭha)
Sabbassa antikasaddassa nedādeso hoti iya iṭṭhaiccetesu paccayesu.
Nediyo, nediṭṭho.
The whole of the word antika (“near”) is replaced by neda when the suffixes iya and iṭṭha follow.
lemma
inflected
meaning
🚹①⨀(antika + iya)
nediyo
nearer
🚹①⨀(antika + iṭṭha)
nediṭṭho
nearest
antika + iya
rule
→
(antika→neda) + iya
§264
→
ned + (a + iya)
§83
→
nediya + si
§601, §55
→
nediya + (si→o)
§104
→
nediyo
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
bāḷhassa (sabbassa)
(ādeso)
sādho
(iyiṭṭhesu)
bāḷha (the whole word)(replaced by)
sādha(before iya, iṭṭha)
Sabbassa bāḷhasaddassa sādhādeso hoti iya iṭṭhaiccetesu paccayesu.
Sādhiyo, sādhiṭṭho.
The whole of the word bāḷha (“strong”, “intense”) is replaced by sādha when the suffixes iya and iṭṭha follow.
lemma
inflected
meaning
🚹①⨀(bāḷha + iya)
sādhiyo
stronger, more intense
🚹①⨀(bāḷha + iṭṭha)
sādhiṭṭho
strongest, most intense
bāḷha + iṭṭha
rule
→
(bāḷha→sādha) + iṭṭha
§265
→
sādh + (a + iṭṭha)
§83
→
sādhiṭṭha + si
§601, §55
→
sādhiṭṭha + (si→o)
§104
→
sādhiṭṭho
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
appassa (sabbassa)
(ādeso)
kaṇa
(iyiṭṭhesu)
appa (the whole word)(replaced by)
kaṇa(before iya, iṭṭha)
Sabbassa appasaddassa kaṇa ādeso hoti iya iṭṭhaiccetesu paccayesu.
Kaṇiyo, kaṇiṭṭho.
The whole of the word appa (“little”, “few”) is replaced by kaṇa when the suffixes iya and iṭṭha follow.
lemma
inflected
meaning
🚹①⨀(appa + iya)
kaṇiyo
less, smaller
🚹①⨀(appa + iṭṭha)
kaṇiṭṭho
least, smallest
appa + iya
rule
→
(appa→kaṇa) + iya
§266
→
kaṇ + (a + iya)
§83
→
kaṇiya + si
§601, §55
→
kaṇiya + (si→o)
§104
→
kaṇiyo
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
ca
yuvānaṃ (sabbassa)
(ādeso)
(kaṇa)
(iyiṭṭhesu)
and
yuva (the whole word)(replaced by)
(kaṇa)
(before iya, iṭṭha)
Sabbassa yuvasaddassa kaṇa ādeso hoti iya iṭṭhaiccetesu paccayesu.
Kaniyo, kaniṭṭho.
Caggahaṇamanukaḍḍhanatthaṃ.
The whole of the word yuva (“young”) is replaced by kaṇa when the suffixes iya and iṭṭha follow.
lemma
inflected
meaning
🚹①⨀(yuva + iya)
kaniyo
younger (not attested in the Tipiṭaka)
🚹①⨀(yuva + iṭṭha)
kaniṭṭho
youngest
yuva + iṭṭha
rule
→
(yuva→kaṇa) + iṭṭha
§267
→
kaṇ + (a + iṭṭha)
§83
→
kaniṭṭha + si
§55
→
kaniṭṭha + (si→o)
§104
→
kaniṭṭho
yena kaniṭṭho isi tenupasaṅkami (1V 1.2.6: Kuṭikārasikkhāpada)
The word ca is for drawing along (anukaḍḍhana).
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
ca
vantumantuvīnaṃ
lopo
vantu|mantu|vī(iyiṭṭhesu)
and
the suffixes vantu, mantu, vī
elision
vantu|mantu|vī(before iya, iṭṭha)
Vantumantuvīiccetesaṃ paccayānaṃ lopo hoti iyaiṭṭhaiccetesu paccayesu.
Guṇiyo, guṇiṭṭho, satiyo, satiṭṭho, medhiyo, medhiṭṭho.
The suffixes vantu, mantu and vī are elided when the suffixes iya and iṭṭha follow.
lemma
inflected
meaning
🚹①⨀(guṇavantu + iya)
guṇiyo
more virtuous
🚹①⨀(guṇavantu + iṭṭha)
guṇiṭṭho
most virtuous
🚹①⨀(satimantu + iya)
satiyo
more mindful
🚹①⨀(satimantu + iṭṭha)
satiṭṭho
most mindful
🚹①⨀(medhāvī + iya)
medhiyo
wiser
🚹①⨀(medhāvī + iṭṭha)
medhiṭṭho
wisest
guṇavantu + iya
rule
→
guṇa + (vantu) + iya
§268
→
guṇ + (a + iya)
§83
→
guṇiya + si
§601, §55
→
guṇiya + (si→o)
§104
→
guṇiyo
medhāvī + iṭṭha
rule
→
medhā + (vī) + iṭṭha
§268
→
medh + (ā + iṭṭha)
§83
→
medhiṭṭha + si
§55
→
medhiṭṭha + (si→o)
§104
→
medhiṭṭho
§269 (41): Yavataṃ ta la ṇa dakārānaṃ byañjanāni ca la ña jakārattaṃ (t, l, ṇ, d with y become c, l, ñ, j) apavada Section titled “§269 (41): Yavataṃ ta la ṇa dakārānaṃ byañjanāni ca la ña jakārattaṃ (t, l, ṇ, d with y become c, l, ñ, j) apavada ”
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
yavataṃ
ta la ṇa dakārānaṃ byañjanāni
(āpajjante)
ca la ña jakārattaṃ
(yathāsaṅkhyaṃ)
of those having a y
the consonants t, l, ṇ, d
(become)
c, l, ñ, j(respectively)
Yakāravantānaṃ ta la ṇa dakārānaṃ byañjanāni ca la ña jakārattamāpajjante yathāsaṅkhyaṃ.
Bāhussaccaṃ, paṇḍiccaṃ, vepullaṃ, kāruññaṃ, kosallaṃ, nepuññaṃ, sāmaññaṃ, sohajjaṃ.
Ya va tamiti kimatthaṃ?
Tiṇadalaṃ.
Ta la ṇa dakārānamiti kimatthaṃ?
Ālasyaṃ, ārogyaṃ.
Byañjanānamiti kimatthaṃ?
Maccunā.
Kāraggahaṇaṃ kimatthaṃ?
Yakārassa makārādesañāpanatthaṃ.
Opammaṃ.
The consonants t, l, ṇ and d that have a y become c, l, ñ and j respectively.10
lemma
inflected
meaning
🚻①⨀(bahussuta + ṇya)
bāhussaccaṃ
great learning — ty → cc
🚻①⨀(paṇḍita + ṇya)
paṇḍiccaṃ
learning — ty → cc
🚻①⨀(vipula + ṇya)
vepullaṃ
abundance — ly → ll
🚻①⨀(karuṇā + ṇya)
kāruññaṃ
compassion — ṇy → ññ
🚻①⨀(kusala + ṇya)
kosallaṃ
skill — ly → ll
🚻①⨀(nipuṇa + ṇya)
nepuññaṃ
proficiency — ṇy → ññ
🚻①⨀(samaṇa + ṇya)
sāmaññaṃ
the state of an ascetic — ṇy → ññ
🚻①⨀(suhada + ṇya)
sohajjaṃ
friendship — dy → jj
samaṇa + ya
rule
→
s + (a→ā) + maṇa + ya
§400, §405
→
sāmaṇ + (a + ya)
§261
→
sāma + (ṇy→ñ) + a
§269
→
sāma + (ñ→ññ) + a
§28
→
sāmañña + si
§601, §55
→
sāmañña + (si→aṃ)
§219
→
sāmaññaṃ
samāna + naṃ (⑥⨂) + ṇya
rule
→
samāna + naṃ + ṇya
§317
→
samāna + (ṇ)ya
§396
→
s(a→ā)māna + ya
§400, §405
→
sāmān + (a + ya)
§261
→
sāmā + (ny→ñ) + a
§269
→
sāmā + (ñ→ññ) + a
§28
→
sām(ā→a)ñña
§403
→
sāmañña + si
§601, §55
→
sāmañña + (si→aṃ)
§219
→
sāmaññaṃ
suhada + ya
rule
→
s + (u→o) + hada + ya
§400, §405
→
sohad + (a + ya)
§261
→
soha + (dy→j) + a
§269
→
soha + (j→jj) + a
§28
→
sohajja + si
§601, §55
→
sohajja + (si→aṃ)
§219
→
sohajjaṃ
paṇḍiccaṃ kosallaṃ nepuññaṃ (24Mn 1.2: Guhaṭṭhakasuttaniddesa)
By saying ta la ṇa dakārānaṃ (of the letters t, l, ṇ, d) other consonants keep their y: sy in ālasyaṃ, gy in ārogyaṃ.
lemma
inflected
meaning
🚻①⨀(alasa + ṇya)
ālasyaṃ
laziness
🚻①⨀(aroga + ṇya)
ārogyaṃ
health
ālasyaṃ anuṭṭhānaṃ bhogānaṃ paripantho (17A10 2.3.3: Iṭṭhadhammasutta)
By saying byañjanāni (the consonants) the bare consonants are meant, not the syllables ta, la, ṇa, da with their a: in maccunā the t of tyu becomes c and the u after it stays.
lemma
inflected
meaning
🚹③⨀(maccu)
maccunā
by death
appattaṃ yañca maccunā (9M 4.4: Cūḷagopālakasutta)
option
before
from
operation
to
after
context
amha tumha ntu rāja brahmatta sakha satthu pitādīhi
smā
(daṭṭhabbaṃ)
nāva
after amha, tumha, ntu, rāja, brahma, atta, sakha, satthu, pitu and the like
the smā inflection ⑤⨀
(is to be seen as)
like nā ③⨀
Amha tumhanturāja brahma atta sakha satthu pituiccevamādīhi smāvacanaṃ nāva daṭṭhabbaṃ.
Mayā, tayā, guṇavatā, raññā, brahmunā, attanā, sakhinā, satthārā, pitarā, mātarā, bhātarā, dhītarā, kattārā, vattārā.
Etehīti kimatthaṃ?
Purisā.
After amha, tumha, ntu, rāja, brahma, atta, sakha, satthu, pitu and the like, the inflection smā ⑤⨀ is to be regarded as just like nā ③⨀.
lemma
inflected
meaning
⚧️⑤⨀(amha)
mayā
from me (the nā form of §145)
⚧️⑤⨀(tumha)
tayā
from you (§145)
🚹⑤⨀(guṇavantu)
guṇavatā
from the virtuous one (§127)
🚹⑤⨀(rāja)
raññā
from the king (§137)
🚹⑤⨀(brahma)
brahmunā
from Brahmā (§198)
🚹⑤⨀(atta)
attanā
from oneself (§214)
🚹⑤⨀(sakha)
sakhinā
from the friend (§194)
🚹⑤⨀(satthu)
satthārā
from the teacher (§200, §207)
🚹⑤⨀(pitu)
pitarā
from the father (§207, §209)
🚺⑤⨀(mātu)
mātarā
from the mother (§207, §209)
🚹⑤⨀(bhātu)
bhātarā
from the brother (§207, §209)
🚺⑤⨀(dhītu)
dhītarā
from the daughter (§207, §209)
🚹⑤⨀(kattu)
kattārā
from the doer (§200, §207)
🚹⑤⨀(vattu)
vattārā
from the speaker (§200, §207)
rāja + smā
rule
→
rāja + (smā→nā)
§270
→
(rāja + nā → raññā)
§137
→
raññā
pitu + smā
rule
→
pitu + (smā→nā)
§270
→
pit + (u→āra) + nā
§200
→
pit + (āra→ara) + nā
§209
→
pitara + (nā→ā)
§207
→
pitar + (a + ā)
§83
→
pitarā
mā kisittho mayā vinā (23J 22.1.10.1: Dasavarakathā)
Iti nāmakappe pañcamo kaṇḍo.
Thus ends the fifth section of the nāma chapter.
Nāmakappo niṭṭhito.
The nāma chapter is finished.
