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Kaccāyana

2. Nāmakaṇḍa (Noun section): Aliṅganāma (Nouns without gender: numerals) (232–259)

Aliṅganāma (Nouns without gender: numerals)

Section titled “Aliṅganāma (Nouns without gender: numerals)”

Athāliṅgesu nāmesu tumhamha saddā vuccante.

Now, among the nouns without gender (aliṅga), the words tumha (“you”) and amha (“I”) are stated.

Tesaṃ panāliṅgattā tīsu liṅgesu samānarūpaṃ. ‘‘Tumhamha’’ iti ṭhite syā dyuppatti.

But because they have no gender, their form is the same in the three genders. With tumha and amha in place, the inflections si and the rest are added.

‘‘Savibhattīnaṃ, tumhamhāka’’nti adhikāro.

“savibhattīnaṃ” (together with their inflection) and “tumhamhākaṃ” (of tumha and amha) are the governing rule (adhikāra).

232 (§140): Tvamahaṃ simhi ca (tvaṃ, ahaṃ for tumha, amha before si; and tuvaṃ) apavada

Section titled “232 (§140): Tvamahaṃ simhi ca (tvaṃ, ahaṃ for tumha, amha before si; and tuvaṃ) apavada ”

Sabbesaṃ tumhaamha saddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ yathākkamaṃ tvaṃahaṃ iccete ādesā honti si mhi vibhattimhi. Ca saddena tumha ssa tuva ñca hoti. Tvaṃ pumā, tvaṃ itthī, tvaṃ napuṃsakaṃ, tuvaṃ satthā vā. Ahaṃ pumā, ahaṃ itthī, ahaṃ napuṃsakaṃ.

The whole of the words tumha (“you”) and amha (“I”), together with their inflection, is replaced by tvaṃ and ahaṃ respectively when the inflection si (①⨀) follows. By the word ca, tumha also becomes tuvaṃ. tvaṃ pumā (“you are a man”), tvaṃ itthī (“you are a woman”), tvaṃ napuṃsakaṃ (“you are a neuter thing”), or tuvaṃ satthā (“you are the teacher”); ahaṃ pumā (“I am a man”), ahaṃ itthī (“I am a woman”), ahaṃ napuṃsakaṃ (“I am a neuter thing”).

Bahuvacane ‘‘sabbanāmakārate paṭhamo’’ti e kāro. Tumhe tiṭṭhatha, bhiyyo amhe mahemase.

In the plural, the letter e by §164 (200): Sabbanāmakārate paṭhamo: tumhe tiṭṭhatha (“you stand”), bhiyyo amhe mahemase (“let us honour [him] still more”).

‘‘Amhassā’’ti vattate.

“amhassa” (of amha) continues.

233 (§121): Mayaṃ yomhi paṭhame (mayaṃ before yo of the first form) apavada

Section titled “233 (§121): Mayaṃ yomhi paṭhame (mayaṃ before yo of the first form) apavada ”

Sabbassa amha saddassa savibhattissa mayaṃ ādeso hoti yo mhi paṭhame. Mayaṃ gacchāma.

The whole of the word amha, together with its inflection, is replaced by mayaṃ when the yo of the first form (①⨂) follows. mayaṃ gacchāma (“we go”).

Ettha ca ekasmimpi gāravabahumānena bahuttasamāropā bahuvacanaṃ hoti.

And here the plural is used even of one person, plurality being superimposed out of respect and esteem.

‘‘Aṃmhī’’ti vattate.

“aṃmhi” (before aṃ) continues.

234 (§144): Tavaṃ mamañca navā (tavaṃ, mamaṃ too, in some places) apavada

Section titled “234 (§144): Tavaṃ mamañca navā (tavaṃ, mamaṃ too, in some places) apavada ”

Sabbesaṃ tumha amha saddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ tavaṃ mamaṃ iccete ādesā honti navā yathākkamaṃ aṃ mhi vibhattimhi. Tavaṃ, mamaṃ passa.

The whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, is replaced by tavaṃ and mamaṃ respectively, in some places (navā), when the inflection aṃ (②⨀) follows. tavaṃ passa (“look at you”), mamaṃ passa (“look at me”).

235 (§143): Taṃ mamaṃmhi (taṃ, maṃ before aṃ) apavada

Section titled “235 (§143): Taṃ mamaṃmhi (taṃ, maṃ before aṃ) apavada ”

Sabbesaṃ tumha amha saddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ taṃ maṃ iccete ādesā honti yathākkamaṃ aṃ mhi vibhattimhi. Taṃ, maṃ.

The whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, is replaced by taṃ and maṃ respectively when the inflection aṃ (②⨀) follows. taṃ (“you”), maṃ (“me”).

236 (§146): Tumhassa tuvaṃ tvamaṃmhi (tuvaṃ, tvaṃ for tumha before aṃ) apavada

Section titled “236 (§146): Tumhassa tuvaṃ tvamaṃmhi (tuvaṃ, tvaṃ for tumha before aṃ) apavada ”

Sabbassa tumha saddassa savibhattissa tuvaṃtvaṃ iccete ādesā honti aṃ mhi vibhattimhi. Tuvaṃ tvaṃ.

The whole of the word tumha, together with its inflection, is replaced by tuvaṃ and tvaṃ when the inflection aṃ (②⨀) follows. tuvaṃ, tvaṃ (“you”).

Bahuvacane ‘‘tumhamhehi, āka’’nti ca vattate.

In the plural, tumhamhehi (“after tumha and amha”) and ākaṃ also continue.

237 (§162): Vā yvappaṭhamo (Optionally ākaṃ for the yo that is not first) apavada

Section titled “237 (§162): Vā yvappaṭhamo (Optionally ākaṃ for the yo that is not first) apavada ”

Tumhamhe hi paro appaṭhamo yo ākaṃ hoti vā. Tumhākaṃ passāmi, tumhe passāmi, amhākaṃ passasi, amhe passasi.

After tumha and amha, the yo that is not the first optionally becomes ākaṃ. tumhākaṃ passāmi or tumhe passāmi (“I see you”), amhākaṃ passasi or amhe passasi (“you see us”).

238 (§145): Nāmhi tayā mayā (tayā, mayā before nā) apavada

Section titled “238 (§145): Nāmhi tayā mayā (tayā, mayā before nā) apavada ”

Sabbesaṃ tumha amha saddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ tayā mayā iccete ādesā honti yathākkamaṃ nā mhi vibhattimhi.

The whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, is replaced by tayā and mayā respectively when the inflection nā (③⨀) follows.

239 (§210): Tayātayīnaṃ takāro tvattaṃ vā (optionally tv for the t of tayā, tayi) apavada

Section titled “239 (§210): Tayātayīnaṃ takāro tvattaṃ vā (optionally tv for the t of tayā, tayi) apavada ”

Tayā tayi iccetesaṃ ta kāro tva ttamāpajjate vā. Tvayā tayā, mayā, tumhehi tumhebhi, amhehi amhebhi.

The letter t of tayā and tayi optionally becomes tv. tvayā or tayā (“by you”), mayā (“by me”); tumhehi or tumhebhi (“by you”, plural), amhehi or amhebhi (“by us”).

‘‘Sasmiṃ, vā’’ti vattate.

sasmiṃ (“before sa”) and vā continue.

240 (§163): Sassaṃ (aṃ for sa [after tumha, amha]) apavada

Section titled “240 (§163): Sassaṃ (aṃ for sa [after tumha, amha]) apavada ”

Tumhamhe hi sa ssa vibhattissa amā deso hoti vā. Tumhaṃ, amhaṃ dīyate.

After tumha and amha, the inflection sa (④⨀, ⑥⨀) is optionally replaced by aṃ. tumhaṃ dīyate (“it is given to you”), amhaṃ dīyate (“it is given to me”).

241 (§141): Tava mama se (tava, mama for tumha, amha before sa) apavada

Section titled “241 (§141): Tava mama se (tava, mama for tumha, amha before sa) apavada ”

Sabbesaṃ tumha amha saddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ yathākkamaṃ tavamama iccete ādesā honti se vibhattimhi, vikappenāyaṃ vijjhantarassa vijjamānattā.

The whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, is replaced by tava and mama respectively when the inflection sa (④⨀, ⑥⨀) follows. This [replacement] is optional (vikappena), because another prescription exists.

‘‘Se’’ti vattate.

se (“before sa”) continues.

242 (§142): Tuyhaṃ mayhañca (And tuyhaṃ, mayhaṃ for tumha, amha before sa) apavada

Section titled “242 (§142): Tuyhaṃ mayhañca (And tuyhaṃ, mayhaṃ for tumha, amha before sa) apavada ”

Sabbesaṃ tumha amha saddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ yathākkamaṃ tuyhaṃmayhaṃ iccete ādesā ca honti se vibhattimhi. Tava, mama tuyhaṃ, mayhaṃ vā dīyate.

The whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, is also replaced by tuyhaṃ and mayhaṃ respectively when the inflection sa follows. tava dīyate or tuyhaṃ dīyate (“it is given to you”), mama dīyate or mayhaṃ dīyate (“it is given to me”).1

243 (§120): Amhassa mamaṃ savibhattissa se (For amha to mamaṃ in sa inflections) utsarga

Section titled “243 (§120): Amhassa mamaṃ savibhattissa se (For amha to mamaṃ in sa inflections) utsarga ”

Sabbasseva amha saddassa savibhattissa mamaṃ ādeso hoti se vibhattimhi. Mamaṃ dīyate.

The whole of the word amha, together with its inflection, is replaced by mamaṃ when the inflection sa (④⨀, ⑥⨀) follows. mamaṃ dīyate (“it is given to me”).

‘‘Sassa’’nti ito sīhagatiyā ‘‘a’’miti vattate.

From 240 (§163): Sassaṃ, by a lion’s glance (sīhagati), aṃ continues.

244 (§161): Tumhamhehi namākaṃ (ākaṃ for naṃ after tumha, amha) apavada

Section titled “244 (§161): Tumhamhehi namākaṃ (ākaṃ for naṃ after tumha, amha) apavada ”

Tumhamhe hi parassa naṃ vacanassa āka miccādeso hoti, a ñca. ‘‘Tesu vuddhī’’tiādinā amha ssa kvaci asmā deso. Tumhaṃ tumhākaṃ, amhaṃ amhākaṃ asmākaṃ vā.

After tumha and amha, the inflection naṃ (④⨂, ⑥⨂) is replaced by ākaṃ, and by aṃ2. By §404 (370): Tesu vuddhilopāgamavikāraviparītādesā ca and the rest, amha in some places (kvaci) becomes asma. tumhaṃ or tumhākaṃ (“to you”, “your”, plural); amhaṃ, amhākaṃ or asmākaṃ (“to us”, “our”).

Pañcamiyaṃ ‘‘amhatumhanturāja’’iccādinā smā vacanassa nā bhāvātideso. Tayā, mayā apeti, tumhehi, amhehi tumhebhi amhebhi, tumhaṃ amhaṃ tava mama, tuyhaṃ, mayhaṃ mamaṃ pariggaho, tumhaṃ tumhākaṃ, amhaṃ amhākaṃ asmākaṃ dhammatā.

In the fifth form, by §270 (120): Amha tumha ntu rāja brahmatta sakha satthu pitādīhi smā nāva and the rest, the inflection smā is treated as nā (atidesa): tayā apeti, mayā apeti (“he goes away from you”, “from me”), tumhehi, amhehi, tumhebhi, amhebhi (“from you”, “from us”); tumhaṃ, amhaṃ, tava, mama, tuyhaṃ, mayhaṃ, mamaṃ pariggaho (“your possession”, “my possession”); tumhaṃ, tumhākaṃ, amhaṃ, amhākaṃ, asmākaṃ dhammatā (“your nature”, “our nature”).

‘‘Smiṃmhī’’ti vattate.

smiṃmhi (“before smiṃ”) continues.

245 (§139): Tumhamhākaṃ tayi mayi (tayi, mayi for tumha, amha before smiṃ) apavada

Section titled “245 (§139): Tumhamhākaṃ tayi mayi (tayi, mayi for tumha, amha before smiṃ) apavada ”

Sabbesaṃ tumha amha saddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ tayi mayi iccete ādesā honti yathākkamaṃ smiṃ mhi vibhattimhi. Ta kārassa tva ttaṃ. Tvayi tayi mayi, tumhesu amhesu.

The whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, is replaced by tayi and mayi respectively when the inflection smiṃ (⑦⨀) follows. The letter t becomes tv. tvayi, tayi (“in you”), mayi (“in me”); tumhesu (“in you”, plural), amhesu (“in us”).

Tesaṃ eva tumha amha saddānaṃ padato paresaṃ kvaci ādesantaravidhāne rūpabhedo.

For these same words tumha and amha, when they stand after a word (padato), there is in some places (kvaci) a difference of form, in the prescription of other replacements.

‘‘Navā’’ti adhikāro.

navā is the governing rule (adhikāra).

246 (§147): Padato dutiyācatutthīchaṭṭhīsu vo no (after a word, vo, no in the plural of ②, ④, ⑥) apavada

Section titled “246 (§147): Padato dutiyācatutthīchaṭṭhīsu vo no (after a word, vo, no in the plural of ②, ④, ⑥) apavada ”

Sabbesaṃ tumha amha saddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ padasmā paresaṃ vo no ādesā honti yathākkamaṃ dutiyācatutthīchaṭṭhīsu bahuvacanesu navā. Ettha ca ‘‘ekavacanesū’’ti vakkhamānattā ‘‘bahuvacanesū’’ti laddhaṃ. Pahāya vo gamissāmi, mā no ajja vikantiṃsu, dhammaṃ vo bhikkhave desissāmi, saṃvibhajetha no rajjena, tuṭṭhosmi vo pakatiyā, satthā no bhagavā anuppatto.

The whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, when they stand after a word (padasmā), is replaced by vo and no respectively in the plurals of the second, fourth and sixth forms (②⨂, ④⨂, ⑥⨂), in some places (navā). And here, because “in the singulars” is about to be said, “in the plurals” is obtained. pahāya vo gamissāmi (“leaving you, I shall go”), mā no ajja vikantiṃsu (“let them not cut us up today”); dhammaṃ vo bhikkhave desissāmi (“I shall teach you the Dhamma, bhikkhus”), saṃvibhajetha no rajjena (“may you share the kingdom with us”); tuṭṭhosmi vo pakatiyā (“I am pleased with your nature”), satthā no bhagavā anuppatto (“our teacher, the Blessed One, has arrived”).

Navā ti kiṃ? Bhayaṃ tumhāka no siyā, eso amhākaṃ satthā.

‘‘Padato, catutthīchaṭṭhīsū’’ti vattate.

padato (“after a word”) and catutthīchaṭṭhīsu (“in the fourth and sixth”) continue.

247 (§148): Temekavacanesu ca (and te, me in the singular [of ④ and ⑥]) apavada

Section titled “247 (§148): Temekavacanesu ca (and te, me in the singular [of ④ and ⑥]) apavada ”

Sabbesaṃ tumha amha saddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ padasmā paresaṃ te me ādesā honti yathākkamaṃ catutthīchaṭṭhīsu ekavacanesu navā. Dadāmi te gāmavarāni pañca, dadāhi me gāmavaraṃ, idaṃ te raṭṭhaṃ, ayaṃ me putto.

The whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, when they stand after a word, is replaced by te and me respectively in the singulars of the fourth and sixth forms (④⨀, ⑥⨀), in some places (navā). dadāmi te gāmavarāni pañca (“I give you five choice villages”), dadāhi me gāmavaraṃ (“give me a choice village”); idaṃ te raṭṭhaṃ (“this kingdom is yours”), ayaṃ me putto (“this is my son”).

Navā ti kiṃ? Idaṃ cīvaraṃ tuyhaṃ vikappanatthāya dammi, suṇātha vacanaṃ mama.

Navā dhikārato cettha,
Vo no te meti ye ime;
Pādādo ca ca vā evā-
Diyoge ca na honti te.

And here, by the governance of navā,
these [forms], namely vo, no, te and me,
do not occur at the beginning of a verse-line (pāda),
nor in construction with ca, vā, eva and the like.

Yathā –

For example:

Na socāmi na rodāmi, tava sutvāna māṇava;
Tuyhañcāpi mahārāja, mayhañca raṭṭhavaḍḍhana.

“I do not grieve, I do not weep, having heard you, young man”;
“and for you too, great king, and for me, increaser of the realm”.

Evamidaṃ dīghamaddhānaṃ sandhāvitaṃ saṃsaritaṃ mamañceva tumhākañcāti.

“Thus this long stretch of time has been run through and wandered through, by me and by you alike.”

Padato ti kiṃ? Tava ñāti, mama ñāti.

‘‘Te me’’ti vattate.

te me continues.

248 (§149): Na aṃmhi (not before aṃ) apavada

Section titled “248 (§149): Na aṃmhi (not before aṃ) apavada ”

Sabbesaṃ tumha amha saddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ padasmā paresaṃ te me ādesā na honti aṃ mhi vibhattimhi. Passeyya taṃ vassasataṃ ārogyaṃ. So mamabravīti.

The whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, when they stand after a word, is not replaced by te and me when the inflection aṃ (②⨀) follows. passeyya taṃ vassasataṃ ārogyaṃ (“may he see you in health for a hundred years”), so mamabravī (“he spoke to me”).

‘‘Temekavacane’’ti vattate.

temekavacane (“te, me in the singular”) continues.

249 (§150): Vā tatiye ca (and optionally in the third [singular]) apavada

Section titled “249 (§150): Vā tatiye ca (and optionally in the third [singular]) apavada ”

Sabbesaṃ tumha amha saddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ padasmā paresaṃ te me ādesā honti vā yathākkamaṃ tatiyekavacane pare. Kataṃ te pāpaṃ, kataṃ tayā pāpaṃ, kataṃ me puññaṃ, kataṃ mayā puññaṃ.

The whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, when they stand after a word, is optionally replaced by te and me respectively when the singular of the third form (③⨀) follows. kataṃ te pāpaṃ or kataṃ tayā pāpaṃ (“evil has been done by you”), kataṃ me puññaṃ or kataṃ mayā puññaṃ (“merit has been made by me”).

‘‘Vā, tatiye’’ti ca vattate.

vā and tatiye (“in the third”) continue.

250 (§151): Bahuvacanesu vo no (vo, no in the plural [of the third]) apavada

Section titled “250 (§151): Bahuvacanesu vo no (vo, no in the plural [of the third]) apavada ”

Sabbesaṃ tumha amha saddānaṃ savibhattīnaṃ padasmā paresaṃ vo no ādesā honti vā yathākkamaṃ tatiyābahuvacane pare. Kataṃ vo kammaṃ, kataṃ no kammaṃ.

The whole of the words tumha and amha, together with their inflection, when they stand after a word, is optionally replaced by vo and no respectively when the plural of the third form (③⨂) follows. kataṃ vo kammaṃ (“the work was done by you”), kataṃ no kammaṃ (“the work was done by us”).

Bahuvacana niddesena kvaci yo mhi paṭhame ca vo no honti. Gāmaṃ vo gaccheyyātha, gāmaṃ no gaccheyyāma.

By the mention of “plurals”, vo and no also occur, in some places (kvaci), before the yo of the first form (①⨂). gāmaṃ vo gaccheyyātha (“you should go to the village”), gāmaṃ no gaccheyyāma (“we should go to the village”).

Tathā pañcā dīnamaṭṭhārasa ntānaṃ, kati saddassa cāliṅgattā tiliṅgepi samānarūpaṃ, aliṅgattā eva pañcā dito itthippaccayābhāvo.

Likewise, because pañca (“five”) and the rest, ending with aṭṭhārasa (“eighteen”), and the word kati (“how many”), have no gender3, their form is the same even in the three genders; and it is because they have no gender that pañca and the rest take no feminine suffix.

‘‘Pañca yo’’itīdha –

With pañca + yo, here —

‘‘Yosu dvinnaṃ dve cā’’ti ito ‘‘yosū’’ti vattate, ‘‘itthipumanapuṃsakasaṅkhya’’nti ca.

from 228 (§132): Yosu dvinnaṃ dve ca, yosu (“before the yo inflections”) continues, and so does §131 (0): Itthipumanapuṃsakasaṅkhyaṃ (“a numeral in the feminine, masculine and neuter”).

251 (§134): Pañcādīnamakāro (final of pañca etc. with yo becomes a) apavada

Section titled “251 (§134): Pañcādīnamakāro (final of pañca etc. with yo becomes a) apavada ”

Antāpekkhāyaṃ chaṭṭhī, pañcā dīnaṃ aṭṭhārasa ntānaṃ saṅkhyānaṃ itthipumanapuṃsake vattamānānamantassa savibhattissa a kāro hoti yo su paresu. Ā e ādesāpavādoyaṃ, pañcakkhandhā, pañca gatiyo, pañca indriyāni. Evaṃ dutiyāyañca.

The sixth form refers to the final: for the numerals from pañca (“five”) to aṭṭhārasa4 (“eighteen”), used in the feminine, masculine and neuter, the final together with its inflection becomes a when the yo inflections follow. This is an exception (apavāda) to the replacements ā and e. pañcakkhandhā (“the five aggregates”), pañca gatiyo (“the five destinations”), pañca indriyāni (“the five faculties”). And likewise in the second form.

‘‘Sunaṃhisū’’ti vattate.

sunaṃhisu (“before su, naṃ, hi”) continues.

252 (§90): Pañcādīnamattaṃ (5 etc. becomes a) apavada

Section titled “252 (§90): Pañcādīnamattaṃ (5 etc. becomes a) apavada ”

Pañcā dīnamaṭṭhārasa ntānaṃ saṅkhyānamanto a ttamāpajjate su naṃ hi iccetesu paresu. E ttadīghāpavādoyaṃ. Pañcahi pañcabhi, pañcannaṃ, pañcahi pañcabhi, pañcannaṃ, pañcasu. Evaṃ cha sa tta aṭṭhanava dasa saddā.

The final of the numerals from pañca to aṭṭhārasa becomes a when su, naṃ or hi follows. This is an exception to the change to e and to lengthening. pañcahi, pañcabhi (③⨂), pañcannaṃ (④⨂), pañcahi, pañcabhi (⑤⨂), pañcannaṃ (⑥⨂), pañcasu (⑦⨂). Likewise the words cha (“six”), satta (“seven”), aṭṭha (“eight”), nava (“nine”) and dasa (“ten”).

‘‘Ekañca dasa cā’’ti atthe dvandasamāse, ‘‘ekena adhikā dasā’’ti atthe tappurise vā kate

When a dvanda compound has been made in the sense “one and ten”, or a tappurisa in the sense “ten exceeded by one” —

‘‘Saṅkhyāne’’ti vattate.

saṅkhyāne (“in a numeral”) continues.

253 (§383): Dvekaṭṭhānamākāro vā (Optionally ā for the final of dvi, eka, aṭṭha in a numeral) apavada

Section titled “253 (§383): Dvekaṭṭhānamākāro vā (Optionally ā for the final of dvi, eka, aṭṭha in a numeral) apavada ”

Dviekaaṭṭha iccetesamanto ā kāro hoti vā saṅkhyāne uttarapade pare. Vavatthitavibhāsāyaṃ. E kādasa, dvādasa, aṭṭhārasa.

The final of dvi (“two”), eka (“one”) and aṭṭha (“eight”) optionally becomes ā when a numeral follows as the second member (uttarapada). [The vā is] in [the sense of] a restricted option (vavatthitavibhāsā). ekādasa (“eleven”), dvādasa (“twelve”), aṭṭhārasa (“eighteen”).

Saṅkhyāne ti kimatthaṃ? Ekadanto, dvidanto, aṭṭhatthambho.

‘‘Vā’’ti vattate.

vā continues.

254 (§381): Ekādito dassa ra saṅkhyāne (Optionally r for the d of dasa after eka and the like, in a numeral) apavada

Section titled “254 (§381): Ekādito dassa ra saṅkhyāne (Optionally r for the d of dasa after eka and the like, in a numeral) apavada ”

Ekā dito saṅkhyāto parassa dasassa ādissa da ssa ra kāro hoti vā saṅkhyāne. Sesaṃ samaṃ. Ekārasa, ekādasa.

After a numeral eka (“one”) and the like, the initial d of dasa optionally becomes r, in a numeral. The rest is the same. ekārasa or ekādasa (“eleven”).

Dve ca dasa ca, dvīhi vā adhikā dasāti dvidasa itīdha –

“Two and ten”, or “ten exceeded by two”: with dvidasa, here —

‘‘Vā’’ti vattate.

vā continues.

255 (§380): Vīsatidasesu bā dvissa tu (bā for dvi before vīsati, dasa; and, by tu, before tiṃsā) apavada

Section titled “255 (§380): Vīsatidasesu bā dvissa tu (bā for dvi before vīsati, dasa; and, by tu, before tiṃsā) apavada ”

Vīsati dasa iccetesu paresu dvi saddassa bā hoti vā. Tu saddena tiṃsā yampi. Ra kāro, ā ttañca. Bārasa, dvādasa.

When vīsati (“twenty”) or dasa (“ten”) follows, the word dvi optionally becomes bā. By the word tu, also before tiṃsā (“thirty”). The letter r, and the change to ā: bārasa or dvādasa (“twelve”).

Tayo ca dasa ca, tīhi vā adhikā dasāti terasa. Ettha ‘‘tesu vuddhī’’tiādinā ti saddassa te ādeso ānavutiyā.

“Three and ten”, or “ten exceeded by three”: terasa (“thirteen”). Here, by §404 (370): Tesu vuddhilopāgamavikāraviparītādesā ca and the rest, the word ti is replaced by te, up to ninety.

Cattāro ca dasa ca, catūhi vā adhikā dasāti catuddasa iccatra –

“Four and ten”, or “ten exceeded by four”: with catuddasa, here —

‘‘Gaṇane, dasassā’’ti ca vattate.

gaṇane (“in counting”) and dasassa (“of dasa”) continue.

256 (§390): Catūpapadassa lopo tuttarapadādi cassa cu copi navā (tu of catu elided and its ca becomes cu, co, in some places) apavada

Section titled “256 (§390): Catūpapadassa lopo tuttarapadādi cassa cu copi navā (tu of catu elided and its ca becomes cu, co, in some places) apavada ”

Gaṇane dasa ssādimhi ṭhitassa catu iccetassa upapadassa tu saddo lopo hoti, uttarapadādimhi ṭhitassa catū papadassa ca kārassa cu co ādesā honti navā. Cuddasa, coddasa, catuddasa.

In counting, when the word catu (“four”) stands as the preceding member (upapada) at the head of dasa, its tu is elided; and the letter ca of the preceding member catu, standing at the head of the following member, is replaced by cu or co, in some places (navā). cuddasa, coddasa, catuddasa (“fourteen”).

Api ggahaṇena anupapadassāpi gaṇane padādica kārassa lopo, cu co honti navā. Yathā – tālīsaṃ, cuttālīsaṃ, cottālīsaṃ, cattālīsaṃ.

By the mention of api (“too”), in counting, the letter ca at the head of a word, even of one that is not a preceding member, is elided, [or] becomes cu or co, in some places (navā). For example, tālīsaṃ, cuttālīsaṃ, cottālīsaṃ, cattālīsaṃ (“forty”).

Pañca ca dasa ca, pañcahi vā adhikā dasāti atthe pañcadasa. ‘‘Tesu vuddhī’’tiādinā pañca saddassa dasa vīsatīsu kvaci pannapaṇṇa ādesā. Pannarasa, paṇṇarasa.

“Five and ten”, or “ten exceeded by five”: in that sense, pañcadasa (“fifteen”). By §404 (370): Tesu vuddhilopāgamavikāraviparītādesā ca and the rest, the word pañca before dasa and vīsati is in some places (kvaci) replaced by panna or paṇṇa: pannarasa, paṇṇarasa.

Cha ca dasa ca, chahi vā adhikā dasāti atthe chadasa itīdha –

“Six and ten”, or “ten exceeded by six”: in that sense, with chadasa, here —

‘‘Chassā’’ti vattate.

chassa (“of cha”) continues.

257 (§376): Dase so niccañca (Always so for cha before dasa: soḷasa) apavada

Section titled “257 (§376): Dase so niccañca (Always so for cha before dasa: soḷasa) apavada ”

Cha iccetassa saṅkhyāsaddassa niccaṃ so hoti dase pare.

The numeral cha (“six”) always becomes so when dasa follows.

‘‘Saṅkhyānaṃ, vā’’ti ca vattate.

saṅkhyānaṃ (“of the numerals”) and vā continue.

258 (§379): La darānaṃ (l for the d and r of numerals: soḷasa, cattālīsaṃ) apavada

Section titled “258 (§379): La darānaṃ (l for the d and r of numerals: soḷasa, cattālīsaṃ) apavada ”

Saṅkhyānaṃ da kārara kārānaṃ la kārādeso hoti vā.

The letters d and r of the numerals are optionally replaced by the letter l.

Laḷā namaviseso. Vavatthitavibhāsatthoyaṃ vā saddo, tena ‘‘soḷasa’’ iti niccaṃ, ‘‘teḷasa, terasa, cattālīsaṃ, cattārīsa’’miti vibhāsā, dasa pannarasādīsu na ca hoti.

l and ḷ are not distinguished. This word vā has the sense of a restricted option (vavatthitavibhāsā); therefore [the replacement] is constant (niccaṃ) in soḷasa (“sixteen”), optional (vibhāsā) in teḷasa or terasa (“thirteen”) and cattālīsaṃ or cattārīsaṃ (“forty”), and does not occur in dasa (“ten”), pannarasa (“fifteen”) and the like.

Satta ca dasa ca, sattahi vā adhikā dasāti atthe sattarasa, sattadasa.

“Seven and ten”, or “ten exceeded by seven”: in that sense, sattarasa or sattadasa (“seventeen”).

Aṭṭha ca dasa ca, aṭṭhahi vā adhikā dasāti atthe aṭṭhadasa itīdha ā tte kate –

“Eight and ten”, or “ten exceeded by eight”: in that sense, with aṭṭhadasa, here, when the change to ā has been made —

‘‘Vā, dassa, ra, saṅkhyāne’’ti ca vattate.

vā, dassa (“of d”), ra and saṅkhyāne (“in a numeral”) continue.

259 (§382): Aṭṭhādito ca (And after aṭṭha and the like: aṭṭhārasa) apavada

Section titled “259 (§382): Aṭṭhādito ca (And after aṭṭha and the like: aṭṭhārasa) apavada ”

Aṭṭhā dito ca dasa saddassa da kārassa ra kāro hoti vā saṅkhyāne. Aṭṭhārasa, aṭṭhādasa.

And after aṭṭha (“eight”) and the like, the d of the word dasa optionally becomes r, in a numeral. aṭṭhārasa or aṭṭhādasa (“eighteen”).

Aṭṭhādito ti kiṃ? Catuddasa.

Kati saddo bahuvacanantova, ‘‘kati yo’’ itīdha

The word kati (“how many?”) ends only in the plural; with kati + yo, here

Niccaṃ yo lopādi, rassattaṃ, kati tiṭṭhanti, kati passasi, katihi katibhi, katinaṃ, katihi katibhi, katinaṃ, katisu.

the yo is always elided, and the rest [follows], and [the final] is short: kati tiṭṭhanti (“how many stand?”), kati passasi (“how many do you see?”), katihi, katibhi (③⨂), katinaṃ (④⨂), katihi, katibhi (⑤⨂), katinaṃ (⑥⨂), katisu (⑦⨂).

Aliṅganāmaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

The nouns without gender are finished.

Footnotes

Section titled “Footnotes”

  1. The Thai edition read by Rachiwong (1995) places an example tava mama vā dīyate under 241; the CST has the four-form line under 242 only. ↩

  2. The Thai edition read by Rachiwong (1995) has attañca, “and the change to a”, for the CST’s añca (aṃ ca); the CST is kept. ↩

  3. The Thai edition read by Rachiwong (1995) has vāliṅgattā for the CST’s cāliṅgattā; the CST is kept. ↩

  4. The Thai edition read by Rachiwong (1995) has aṭṭhādasa here and throughout 250–253 for the CST’s aṭṭhārasa; the CST is kept. ↩